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Endocarditis: definitions, causes, diagnosis, echocardiography & treatment

…Other microorganisms, generally, cause subacute endocarditis. Endocarditis can affect native (own) valves and valve prostheses. As always, foreign materials pose a high risk of infection…

Empirical antibiotic therapy: quick reference for common infections

…antibiotics are given only in certain more severe cases. CNS and other Diagnosis Agent Dose Duration : : : : Bacterial meningitis, initial therapy (after corticosteroid) cefotaxime plus ampicillin…

Acute exacerbation of COPD: quick reference

…things set the COPD exacerbation apart from many other causes of acute dyspnoea: oxygen must be titrated cautiously and the blood gas determines the need…

Lumbar puncture

…Only clinical signs of herniation halt the puncture, and antibiotics and a corticosteroid are then given immediately after blood cultures. For questions other than acute…

Eletrical alternans: the ECG in pericardial effusion & cardiac tamponade

…and the condition is classified as cardiac tamponade. The classical signs of cardiac tamponade are hypotension, muffled heart sounds and jugular venous distention. Other frequent…

Cardiac Tamponade: Recognition and Pericardiocentesis

…Causes Tamponade shares the causes of pericardial effusion. Important clinical associations include: Idiopathic or viral pericarditis Malignant pericardial disease Tuberculosis Purulent or bacterial pericarditis Trauma…

Other ECG changes in ischemia and infarction

…as in Figure 1 . Any type of infarction may cause pathological R wave progression. However, the specificity for pathological R wave progression is considerably lower…

🟠 Ticagrelor (Brilinta, Brilique)

…and are at high risk of a new event. Treatment can be started without interruption as continuation treatment after the initial one year treatment with…

Familial and Genetic Screening in Premature Cardiovascular Disease

…and MYBPC3. Approximately 40–60% of tested patients have a single variant identified as the cause of disease, although the yield varies by cohort. A…

LDL Cholesterol Targets Across Cardiovascular Risk Categories

…It is calculated as: Non HDL C = total cholesterol − HDL C Apolipoprotein B (apoB) reflects the concentration of circulating atherogenic particles because each apoB…

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