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Hypertensive Emergency and Urgency: Differentiation and Treatment

…acute aortic dissection is a hypertensive emergency requiring the most rapid BP response. The objective is to reduce aortic wall shear stress and rapidly lower…

Oxygen therapy

…of hypercapnic respiratory failure — COPD, severe obesity with hypoventilation, neuromuscular disease, marked chest wall deformity, severe bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis. Here a lower target range…

Acute Limb Ischaemia: Recognition and Urgent Management

…Emergency medicine Definition and pathophysiology Acute limb ischaemia (ALI) is an abrupt reduction in arterial perfusion of an upper or lower limb that causes tissue…

Other ECG changes in ischemia and infarction

…the specificity for pathological R wave progression is considerably lower than pathological Q waves and guidelines do not state any ECG criteria specific to R…

Acute Coronary Syndrome: Definitions and Initial Triage

…Types 2–5 MI have other mechanisms of myocardial ischaemia and necrosis. Unstable angina (UA) represents myocardial ischaemia without demonstrable acute cardiomyocyte injury or necrosis…

Hypertensive crisis: quick reference for acute blood pressure lowering

…from a previously low level can cause organ damage at lower values, for example in pregnancy, acute glomerular disease or scleroderma renal crisis [1,2…

Colchicine and Anti-inflammatory Therapy in Coronary Disease

…Consequently, the decision to prescribe colchicine requires attention to the balance between reduction in ischaemic events and possible infectious or other non cardiovascular adverse outcomes…

Alcohol and Cardiovascular Disease

…sex , and genetically influenced effects on the cardiovascular system. Acute exposure produces transient haemodynamic and myocardial effects, whereas sustained heavy consumption is associated with hypertension…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and Electrocardiographic Criteria

Myocardial ischemia and infarction ECG Definition and Pathophysiology Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) encompass a spectrum of clinical conditions characterized by a recent change in symptoms…

Exercise stress testing in special patient populations

…6 days after acute myocardial infarction. Moreover, early exercise tests should not be maximal, which means that the clinician must set a lower goal regarding…

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