…release of cardiac troponin, but troponin elevation is not specific for myocardial infarction. Other conditions may produce cardiomyocyte injury and elevated troponin, so biomarker interpretation…

…a pulse that can be felt. The other predictable error is forgetting that pacing hurts a great deal in a conscious patient. Indications Immediate (transcutaneous)…

…heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and other arrhythmias or conduction abnormalities. CKD also worsens the prognosis of established CVD. Mechanisms linking CKD to cardiovascular disease The…

…a distinct disease. It identifies patients whose blood pressure remains uncontrolled despite intensive antihypertensive treatment and who therefore require assessment for pseudo resistance, secondary hypertension…

…affecting approximately 1 in 250,000–350,000 individuals. The lifelong exposure to high LDL C is central to the disease burden. In untreated HeFH…

…patient is drowsy, difficult to rouse, hypervigilant, or has reduced orientation to the surroundings Other cognitive disturbance Disorientation, memory impairment, disorganised thinking, language disturbance or…

…as a rapid intravenous bolus. Unlike many other intravenous medications where rapid boluses risk hemodynamic instability or transiently toxic concentrations, adenosine requires a rapidly delivered…

…patients have frequent symptomatic episodes, whereas others have brief or asymptomatic episodes that are not detected during routine clinical assessment. The clinical burden of AF…

…used for type 1 myocardial infarction are fulfilled. The temporal relationship to stent implantation should always be specified. Coronary arterial thrombi are predominantly platelet rich…

…most cardiac conditions may be associated with atrial flutter. As compared with several other supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, atrial flutter does not occur among otherwise healthy individuals…