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Inotropes and vasopressors: doses, indications, contraindications and effects

…Figure 1). What follows is a quick reference for their use in the emergency department, the intensive care or coronary care unit, and the operating…

Cardiac arrest during sepsis

…followed. Moreover, for optimal management in the context of sepsis induced cardiac arrest, consider the following recommendations: Administer 100% oxygen at the maximum flow rate …

CPAP and non-invasive ventilation (NIV)

…acidosis , that is, a pH below 7.35 and a PaCO₂ above 6.0 kPa despite optimal medical treatment with bronchodilators, steroids and controlled oxygen…

Right ventricular strain: definition, causes, echocardiography

…contract simultaneously. For this to be possible, the right leg must be intact. In the case ofblockade of the right bundle of His (RBBB) , the…

STEMI (ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction): Diagnosis, ECG, Criteria, and Management

…The chain of care in acute STEMI Optimal care for patients with STEMI requires a well coordinated system involving both prehospital and hospital based services…

🟠 Calculating Shunt Fraction (Qp/Qs) Using Echocardiography

…non invasive nature and reproducibility make it indispensable in congenital and critical care cardiology. Regular echocardiographic assessment ensures timely intervention, improving outcomes for patients w

Introduction to cardiac arrest

…Optimal management of sudden cardiac arrest requires comprehensive efforts and resources, ranging from continuously training laymen in the community to establishing advanced post resuscitation care…

Proximal Isovelocity Surface Area (PISA)

…These formulas for PISA performs best when the surface surrounding the orifice is flat, which is often not the case for the valves. For example…

In-Stent Restenosis: Mechanisms and Treatment

…core formation and calcification. Neoatherosclerosis can contribute to both ISR and stent thrombosis. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is currently the most suitable imaging modality for…

Optimization of the ultrasound image

Echocardiography Principles of image optimization in echocardiography In order to obtain optimal ultrasound images, it is necessary to adjust several parameters continuously during the examination…

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