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Hypertension: Causes, investigations, complications & treatment

…The increasing prevalence of obesity, diabetes, sedentary lifestyle, the rapid economic development and ageing of most populations is driving the rapid increase in the global…

Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: Assessment and Treatment

…Depression, low self esteem or body image disturbance The number and severity of obesity related complications generally increase as the degree of obesity rises. Nevertheless…

Heart failure: Causes, types, diagnosis, treatments & management

…failure is now the most frequent complication of diabetes ( Shah et al, McMurray et al ). Management of heart failure progressed rapidly during the 1970s and…

Heart failure: Introduction

…failure is now the most frequent complication of diabetes ( Shah et al, McMurray et al ). Management of heart failure progressed rapidly during the 1970s and…

Arterial line

…obesity, pronounced vasoconstriction, arrhythmia, intra aortic balloon pump. Assessment of stroke volume variation as part of fluid management. Contraindications Infection, burn or trauma over the…

Cardiovascular Risk in Women: Sex-Specific Factors

…diabetes and obesity become increasingly prevalent after the menopausal transition. Women with type 2 diabetes also have a higher prevalence of cardiovascular complications and death…

Atrial fibrillation: ECG, classification, causes, risk factors & management

…heart failure, congenital heart disease, diabetes mellitus (both type 1 and type 2), obesity, smoking, obstructive sleep apnea and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Moreover…

Preeclampsia and Hypertensive Pregnancy Disorders as Future Cardiovascular Risk

…older maternal age at first childbirth and the rising prevalence of obesity. Gestational hypertension is defined in the supplied guideline material as blood pressure 140…

Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk Management

…in cohort studies. Obesity, reduced exercise capacity, hypertension and dyslipidaemia commonly coexist and should be considered part of the clinical cardiovascular phenotype. Weight reduction and…

Incretins in Cardiometabolic Medicine: Leveraging GLP-1, GIP, and Glucagon Receptor Agonism for Cardiovascular Risk Reduction

…al). Recommended reading: MetDis Database of Obesity Trials. Obesity and Cardiovascular Outcomes The global burden of obesity is increasingly defined by its cardiovascular consequences. In…

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