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Preeclampsia and Hypertensive Pregnancy Disorders as Future Cardiovascular Risk

…morbidity and mortality. Their incidence has increased in parallel with older maternal age at first childbirth and the rising prevalence of obesity. Gestational hypertension is…

Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: Assessment and Treatment

…Clinical presentation and symptoms Obesity itself may be asymptomatic, but its clinical expression is often determined by associated cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic, musculoskeletal and psychological complications…

Hypertension: Causes, investigations, complications & treatment

…weight, male sex and salt intake. Population blood pressure increases in parallel with economic development and industrialization. The increasing prevalence of obesity, diabetes, sedentary lifestyle…

Arterial line

…metabolic derangement. Major surgery with expected blood loss or large volume shifts. Patients in whom non invasive measurement is unreliable: marked obesity, pronounced vasoconstriction, arrhythmia…

Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk Management

…combined effects of hyperglycaemia, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, obesity, smoking and other conventional risk factors, together with diabetes specific vascular and metabolic abnormalities. Diabetes is associated with…

Atrial fibrillation: ECG, classification, causes, risk factors & management

…heart failure, congenital heart disease, diabetes mellitus (both type 1 and type 2), obesity, smoking, obstructive sleep apnea and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Moreover…

Heart failure: Causes, types, diagnosis, treatments & management

…the main drivers of heart failure). It is believed that the aging population, and increased prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and dysglycemia are propelling the heart…

Heart failure: Introduction

…the main drivers of heart failure). It is believed that the aging population, and increased prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and dysglycemia are propelling the heart…

Cardiovascular Risk in Women: Sex-Specific Factors

…diabetes and obesity become increasingly prevalent after the menopausal transition. Women with type 2 diabetes also have a higher prevalence of cardiovascular complications and death…

Incretins in Cardiometabolic Medicine: Leveraging GLP-1, GIP, and Glucagon Receptor Agonism for Cardiovascular Risk Reduction

…shift. For decades, the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity was siloed, with clinicians focusing primarily on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) reduction, blood…

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