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Blood pressure

…of the upper arm circumference — a cuff that is too narrow gives a falsely high reading The cuff at heart level Measure in both arms…

CPAP and non-invasive ventilation (NIV)

…ongoing upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Marked agitation or inability to cooperate. Copious secretions without an effective cough. Choice of method and settings Condition Method Starting pressure…

Chronic Kidney Disease as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor

…renal function further increases blood pressure. Non traditional cardiovascular mechanisms include: Uraemia associated inflammation Oxidative stress Vascular dysfunction Promotion of vascular calcification Albuminuria and proteinuria…

Cardiac arrest due to hypoxia and asphyxia

…altitude sickness Aspiration Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Bronchospasm (asthma) Other : Coma Central hypoventilation syndromes Neuromuscular diseases Anemia The natural course of asphyxia Should ventilation…

Inotropes and vasopressors: doses, indications, contraindications and effects

Kardiologi Intensivvård Lathundar Vasopressors induce vasoconstriction and raise the mean arterial pressure (MAP). Inotropes increase myocardial contractility. There are several synthetic and endogenous agents with…

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Treatment Principles

…most common risk factor for PH. It produces postcapillary PH through elevation of left atrial and pulmonary venous pressure. In some patients, chronic postcapillary pr

Cardiovascular Risk Assessment with SCORE2 and SCORE2-OP

…competing risk of death from non cardiovascular causes, an important consideration in older populations. Risk prediction is particularly relevant in adults with elevated blood pressure …

Cardiac tamponade causing cardiac arrest

…the right ventricle. Therefore, in the presence of a tamponade, chest compressions have limited efficacy. Furthermore, administering large tidal volumes might inadvertently elevate intrathoracic pressures…

Opioid therapy in severe pain

…lower doses than for pain). An opioid is rarely the right choice in nociplastic or neuropathic pain, in chronic non cancer pain, or in headache…

Colchicine and Anti-inflammatory Therapy in Coronary Disease

…with stable or chronic atherosclerotic coronary disease, many of whom have a previous acute coronary syndrome. The available evidence supports consideration of low dose colchicine…

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