…be considered anginal equivalents. The emergency evaluation of non traumatic chest discomfort is structured around three principal diagnostic categories: Myocardial ischaemia , particularly acute coronary syndrome…

…tamponade from haemopericardium Myocardial ischaemia from coronary ostial compromise Focal neurological deficits or non haemorrhagic stroke Renal, mesenteric or lower limb ischaemia Paraplegia or paraparesis…

…platelet rich thrombus. Myocardial vulnerability, largely driven by coronary microvascular dysfunction, also contributes to the extension and severity of ischemic injury. In its most severe…

Indications Acute myocardial infarction. Unstable coronary artery disease. Stable angina pectoris. Secondary prophylaxis to prevent recurrence of cerebrovascular diseases, such as: Transient ischemic attacks (TIA…

…the type of stroke and the possibility of thrombolytic treatment. Cardiac and pulmonary complications Acute hypertension may precipitate myocardial ischemia or infarction, acute heart failure…

…Myocarditis and takotsubo syndrome can produce myocardial injury and troponin elevation but are non ischaemic mimics rather than MINOCA when identified as the final diagnosis…

…while chronic myocardial injury may be seen in heart failure, cardiomyopathies, and severe valvular heart disease. Type 2 MI and non ischaemic myocardial injury may…

…from non ischaemic cardiac conditions (such as myocarditis) or non cardiac conditions (such as renal failure). To establish a diagnosis of MI, acute myocardial injury…

…does not establish MI, because myocardial injury may occur without myocardial ischaemia. Non ischaemic myocardial injury may accompany numerous cardiac and systemic disorders, including: Cardiac…

…influences. The severity of myocardial injury is determined not only by the epicardial obstruction but also by the vulnerability of the myocardium and coronary microcirculation…