…culminating in a partially or fully occlusive intraluminal thrombus [5] . ACS Classification The clinical spectrum of Acute Coronary Syndromes encompasses Unstable Angina (UA), Non ST…

…and unstable angina. Although ECG changes in NSTEMI and unstable angina have been discussed previously (refer to Classification of Acute Coronary Syndromes, and Ischemia and…

…target : : : : : Cardiogenic pulmonary oedema CPAP 5–7.5 cmH₂O Increase in steps of 2.5 to 10–12.5 cmH₂O according to tolerance and effect…

…discordant with LDL C or non HDL C, cardiovascular risk may be misestimated if cholesterol measures alone are used. Risk in these circumstances appears to…

…microvascular dysfunction or diffuse epicardial disease. Concordantly normal FFR and CFR are associated with an excellent prognosis, whereas discordant measurements require interpretation in the context…

…infarction Definition and clinical concept Myocardial infarction with non obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) describes a clinical presentation in which the patient has symptoms suggestive of…

…the clinical value of any diagnostic test depends not only on its sensitivity and specificity but also on disease prevalence in the population being tested…

…limitation has been acknowledged in contemporary clinical guidelines (Byrne et al, 2023). A new framework differentiating Occlusion Myocardial Infarction (OMI) from Non Occlusion Myocardial Infarction…

…Definition and pharmacological basis Ezetimibe is a non statin lipid lowering agent that inhibits the Niemann–Pick C1 like 1 (NPC1L1) transporter in the intestine…

… endothelial dysfunction; concealed diffuse atherosclerosis; myocardial bridging; myocardial metabolic abnormalities; and abnormal pain perception in patients without demonstrable ischaemia. The absence of obstructive disease therefore…