…in the ECG, as well as cardiac diseases that may affect infants and children. Physiological and anatomical development during infancy & childhood In adults, the left…

…in the ECG, as well as cardiac diseases that may affect infants and children. Physiological and anatomical development during infancy & childhood In adults, the left…

…and 10% of aborted fetuses, with no significant geographical variations. Roughly 25% of children with congenital heart disease require intervention during their first year of…

…the heart rate, the electrical axis and the waveform in the newborn differ markedly from adult reference values and normalise gradually through childhood. The interpretation…

…Preparation and equipment Go through the equipment out loud with the team, not in your head. Functioning suction within reach under the pillow or by…

…the QRS complex. Axis deviation: right axis deviation (RAD) and left axis deviation (LAD) Causes of right axis deviation Normal in newborns. Right ventricular hypertrophy…

…degree) by the ECG machine. The axis can also be approximated manually by judging the net direction of the QRS complex in leads I and…

…is explained by variations in heart rate caused by respiration. The heart rate increases during inspiration (due to diminished vagal tone) and decreases during expiration…