…by the fact that the right ventricle pumps blood against greater resistance, as compared with the left ventricle. Understanding this requires knowledge of the fetal…

…by the fact that the right ventricle pumps blood against greater resistance, as compared with the left ventricle. Understanding this requires knowledge of the fetal…

…all Western countries. According to a Cochrane review, for every 10,000 apparently healthy newborn infants, around six will have critical CHD, and the pulse…

…the heart rate, the electrical axis and the waveform in the newborn differ markedly from adult reference values and normalise gradually through childhood. The interpretation…

…both are predictable. Indications Inability to protect the airway: reduced level of consciousness, loss of pharyngeal reflexes, vomiting with a risk of aspiration. Inadequate oxygenation…

…the QRS complex. Axis deviation: right axis deviation (RAD) and left axis deviation (LAD) Causes of right axis deviation Normal in newborns. Right ventricular hypertrophy…

…I and II. Heart axis deviation: right axis deviation (RAD) and left axis deviation (LAD) Causes of right axis deviation Normal in newborns. Right ventricular…

…of the nine parameters listed above. Many of the diagnoses mentioned below are discussed in detail in other chapters, to which links are provided throughout…