…OCT uses near infrared light rather than ultrasound. Its resolution is substantially higher than that of IVUS, approximately 5–20 µm depending on the system…

…cells near the node. The following must be noted: There are cells with pure automaticity around the atrioventricular node. These cells are capable of spontaneous…

…GFR in individuals with near normal or mildly reduced kidney function (eGFR 60 mL/min/1.73 m²), potentially leading to misclassification of CKD stages…

…paradoxus. Tamponade is therefore characterized haemodynamically by elevation and near equalization of diastolic pressures in the cardiac chambers, with chamber pressures approaching intrapericardial pressure. The…

…by itself, establish the presence or haemodynamic significance of a specific stenosis. Clinical Role and Indications CAC scoring is principally a risk stratification tool for…

…Cells near the atrioventricular node: The atrioventricular node does not possess automaticity, but cells surrounding it do. These cells are capable of generating an escape…

…the components of the conduction system and the arterial blood supply. The first third of the right bundle branch run in the endocardium, near the…

Echocardiography Generating the ultrasound image The ultrasound transducer generates short bursts (pulses) of ultrasound waves. Reflected ultrasound waves are analyzed by the machine during the…

…to the rule above should be noted. If an ectopic focus arises in or near the bundle of His, the impulse may be delivered to…

…margin must be included in the freeze. Contraindications Absolute: Suspected melanoma or any other pigmented lesion of uncertain diagnosis. A lesion in which histology is…

…near the umbilicus and the fourth lumbar vertebral level. Physical examination can identify a large aneurysm as a palpable, pulsatile, expansile mass, although absence of…

…amplified in the presence of heart failure. Clinical Presentation and Symptoms Patients with acquired QT prolongation and drug induced TdP typically present with near syncope…

…is moderate or near a treatment decision threshold. Failure to account for a high Lp(a) level may lead to substantial underestimation of cardiovascular risk…

…may be located anywhere. If it is located near the atrioventricular node, activation of the atria will proceed in the opposite direction, which produces an…

…pulmonary arterial remodelling, with fibroproliferative, plexogenic, and sometimes thrombotic changes that may result in near total obliteration of affected vessels. Genetic, molecular, and acquired factors…

…other evidence of ongoing ischaemia Symptoms suggesting haemodynamic compromise, such as near syncope or poor perfusion Known arrhythmia or electrical instability The presence of severe…

…myocardium may be excited by external electrical stimuli that drive the cells to threshold. Stimulation threshold is the minimum amount of energy required to reach…

Cardiology Introduction Since its initial description in 1992 as a syndrome of right bundle branch block, ST segment elevation, and sudden cardiac death (SCD), Brugada…

…pronounced during stress. RR is characterized by normal or near normal perfusion observed during stress, followed by the appearance of a perfusion defect in rest

…system of the heart The sinus node (sinoatrial node) and intrinsic automaticity The sinus node is a small oval structure located near the entrance of…

…waves at 3.4 MHz. One can increase the frequency of the emitted sound when studying objects located near the transducer, and vice versa (i…

…premature beats might perceive this as palpitations, because of the stronger ventricular contractions caused by the increased filling. Frequent premature beats can also be perceived…

…successful by focusing on near term prediction using smart devices and emerging technologies ( Marijon et al ). The stochastic nature (randomness) of sudden cardiac arrest is…