…vasoconstriction of one or more coronary arteries. Epicardial spasm produces a reversible functional occlusion and usually causes transmural ischaemia. The resulting abnormalities in left ventricular…

…toxicity is suspected. Adverse effects • Nausea. Vomiting. Agitation. Muscle spasm. Sweating. Flushing. • Prolonged high dose use may cause thiocyanate and cyanide toxicity . Nitroprusside is metabolized…

…include fixed coronary atherosclerosis without plaque rupture, coronary artery spasm, coronary microvascular dysfunction (encompassing endothelial dysfunction, smooth muscle cell dysfunction, and dysregulation of sympathetic innervation)…

…of myocardial injury Important causes include: Mechanism or clinical setting Examples Acute coronary atherothrombosis Plaque disruption or erosion with thrombosis Reduced myocardial perfusion Coronary spasm…

…is statin associated muscle symptoms (SAMS). These range from diffuse myalgia with a normal CK and no functional impairment to myositis with muscle inflammation and…

…Ventricular free wall rupture, producing haemopericardium and cardiac tamponade. Papillary muscle rupture, producing acute severe mitral regurgitation (MR). These complications result from transmural myocardial necrosis…

Procedurer A dislocation is reduced with muscle relaxation, not with force. The methods that work best exploit time, gravity and slow movement; those that fail…

ECG Troponin is a protein complex expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscle. The complex consists of troponin I (TnI) , troponin C (TnC) and troponin T…

…population measure that performs poorly at the level of the individual: it does not distinguish muscle from fat and takes no account of fat distribution…

…halve before the creatinine leaves the reference range, because the relationship is hyperbolic. In people with a low muscle mass — the elderly, the undernourished, amputees…