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Acquired QT Prolongation and Drug-Induced Arrhythmia

…when multiple modifiable and non modifiable risk factors converge. The electrophysiological mechanism underlying TdP involves prolonged ventricular repolarisation, which allows for the recovery of time…

Atherosclerosis: Pathogenesis from Fatty Streak to Plaque Rupture

…a major site of disease, atherosclerosis is systemic and may affect multiple arterial territories. The arterial wall is biologically active. Endothelial and smooth muscle cells…

Invasive Coronary Angiography: Indications and Vascular Access

…multiple angiographic projections. Although traditionally regarded as an anatomical examination, contemporary ICA can provide complementary functional and structural information. Coronary pressure measurements permit assessment of…

Torsades de Pointes: Definition, Characteristics, and Management

…the co administration of multiple QT prolonging medications, and drug accumulation secondary to renal or hepatic impairment or the inhibition of cytochrome P450 metabolism [1…

Lumbar puncture

…infection. Suspected inflammatory disease: multiple sclerosis, Guillain–Barré syndrome, autoimmune encephalitis. Meningeal carcinomatosis and CNS involvement in haematological malignancy. Investigation of dementia with biomarkers (amyloid…

🟠 Antiarrhythmic drugs in acute ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation)

…treat acute and subacute ventricular arrhythmias. The Singh Vaughan Williams classification fails to clarify that the majority of these agents exert effects on multiple cardiac…

🟠 QTc Interval Calculator (Bazett’s, Fridericia’s, Hodge's and Framingham Formulas)

…with multiple ventricular premature beats) spontaneously converting to Torsade de Pointes ventricular tachycardia. Notice how arterial blood pressure (ABP) drops at the onset of TdP…

🟠 SYNTAX Score

…It integrates multiple variables, including the number of lesions, their location, and specific characteristics such as bifurcations, chronic total occlusions (CTOs), calcification, and thrombus presence…

Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Outcomes

…processing, additives and cooking methods may also contribute. The cardioprotective effect is therefore likely to result from the cumulative influence of multiple modest dietary changes…

Digoxin: Dosing, Therapeutic Range and Toxicity Management

…present with symptoms of digitalis toxicity, which manifests across multiple organ systems. Non cardiac symptoms include headache, nausea, vomiting, generalized malaise, and visual disturbances such…

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