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Acquired QT Prolongation and Drug-Induced Arrhythmia

…TdP). Drug induced LQTS and TdP represent a multifactorial clinical entity that typically emerges when multiple modifiable and non modifiable risk factors converge. The electrophysiological…

Atherosclerosis: Pathogenesis from Fatty Streak to Plaque Rupture

…disease, atherosclerosis is systemic and may affect multiple arterial territories. The arterial wall is biologically active. Endothelial and smooth muscle cells normally regulate vascular tone…

Invasive Coronary Angiography: Indications and Vascular Access

…coronary ostia, and acquiring multiple angiographic projections. Although traditionally regarded as an anatomical examination, contemporary ICA can provide complementary functional and structural information. Coronary pressure…

Torsades de Pointes: Definition, Characteristics, and Management

…both modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors. Modifiable risk factors include electrolyte abnormalities such as hypokalemia, the co administration of multiple QT prolonging medications, and drug…

Lumbar puncture

…or another CNS infection. Suspected inflammatory disease: multiple sclerosis, Guillain–Barré syndrome, autoimmune encephalitis. Meningeal carcinomatosis and CNS involvement in haematological malignancy. Investigation of dementia…

🟠 Antiarrhythmic drugs in acute ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation)

…treat acute and subacute ventricular arrhythmias. The Singh Vaughan Williams classification fails to clarify that the majority of these agents exert effects on multiple cardiac…

🟠 QTc Interval Calculator (Bazett’s, Fridericia’s, Hodge's and Framingham Formulas)

[calc_qtc] 1 – 15 years, male and female Adult, male Adult, female Normal <440 ms <430 ms <450 ms Upper limit 440–460 ms 430…

🟠 SYNTAX Score

…It integrates multiple variables, including the number of lesions, their location, and specific characteristics such as bifurcations, chronic total occlusions (CTOs), calcification, and thrombus presence…

Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Outcomes

…processing, additives and cooking methods may also contribute. The cardioprotective effect is therefore likely to result from the cumulative influence of multiple modest dietary changes…

Digoxin: Dosing, Therapeutic Range and Toxicity Management

…manifests across multiple organ systems. Non cardiac symptoms include headache, nausea, vomiting, generalized malaise, and visual disturbances such as altered color perception and halo vision…

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