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Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: Risk Assessment and Prevention

…myeloma and renal disease are particularly susceptible. The risk is also greater when several predisposing factors coexist, rather than being determined by contrast exposure in…

Acquired QT Prolongation and Drug-Induced Arrhythmia

…TdP). Drug induced LQTS and TdP represent a multifactorial clinical entity that typically emerges when multiple modifiable and non modifiable risk factors converge. The electrophysiological…

Atherosclerosis: Pathogenesis from Fatty Streak to Plaque Rupture

Cardiology Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology Atherosclerosis is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the arterial wall in which lipid accumulation, vascular cell dysfunction…

Invasive Coronary Angiography: Indications and Vascular Access

…site to the aortic root, engaging the coronary ostia, and acquiring multiple angiographic projections. Although traditionally regarded as an anatomical examination, contemporary ICA can provide…

Torsades de Pointes: Definition, Characteristics, and Management

…arises in the setting of both modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors. Modifiable risk factors include electrolyte abnormalities such as hypokalemia, the co administration of multiple…

Lumbar puncture

…or another CNS infection. Suspected inflammatory disease: multiple sclerosis, Guillain–Barré syndrome, autoimmune encephalitis. Meningeal carcinomatosis and CNS involvement in haematological malignancy. Investigation of dementia…

🟠 Antiarrhythmic drugs in acute ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation)

…VF). It is primarily intended for use in an emergency setting. The manual includes the following sections (click to navigate to the section): Classification of…

🟠 QTc Interval Calculator (Bazett’s, Fridericia’s, Hodge's and Framingham Formulas)

…ventricles take to de and repolarize. Abnormalities in the QT interval can cause serious arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. QT prolongation can precipitate torsades de…

🟠 SYNTAX Score

…the anatomical complexity of CAD, particularly in patients with multivessel disease or left main coronary artery disease . It integrates multiple variables, including the number of…

Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Outcomes

…DASH style diets. Their effects are multidimensional and cannot be adequately inferred from changes in a single intermediate marker such as cholesterol. Dietary composition may…

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