…If the ischemia persists for 20 minutes, myocardial infarction ensues, resulting in permanent wall motion abnormalities. Figure 1. Standardized myocardial segmentation and nomenclature for echocardiography…

…no thickening (<10%) 3 Dyskinesia Paradoxical thinning and/or outward directed motion during systole 4 Aneurysmatic Diastolic deformation 5 Recommended by the American Society for…

…the reflected sound waves will have the same frequency as the sound waves emitted by the sound source. If the reflector is in motion, however…

…and myocardium in terms of the reflected ultrasound waves. (1) The velocity of myocardial motion is significantly lower than the velocity of blood flow. Therefore…

…onset, continuous dizziness lasting hours to days, often with nausea, nystagmus, motion intolerance and difficulty walking Vestibular neuritis, cerebellar or brainstem infarction, haemorrhage, drug toxicity…

…evidence of new loss of viable myocardium or a new regional wall motion abnormality in an ischaemic distribution Identification of a coronary thrombus by angiography…

…risk of major adverse cardiovascular events. Assess left ventricular volumes, regional wall motion, and ejection fraction using ECG gated acquisitions. Quantify myocardial blood flow and…

…supplied by the narrowed artery. The principal diagnostic endpoint is a new or worsening regional wall motion abnormality (RWMA) during stress. A fixed abnormality that…

…25% Normal FS, 2D measurement 18% Advantages of fractional shortening If ventricular geometry is normal and there are no regional wall motion abnormalities, then fractional…

…extracardiac tracer activity, and assess image quality and patient motion. Alignment : Ensure proper alignment of rest and stress images to accurately compare corresponding myocardial regions…

…meal; that thus excited, it is accompanied with a sensation, which threatens instant death if the motion is persisted in; and, that on stopping, the…

…Figure 1. Myocardial motion during (A) systole and (B) diastole. Physiology and phases of diastole Diastole is divided into the following four phases (Table 1…

…emission computed tomography (PET) and coronary angiography. These modalities aim to image the myocardium, assess wall motions and myocardial perfusion. However, due to varying strengths…

…a sound wave. A familiar example is human speech. Humans speak by setting their vocal cords in motion. When vocal cords vibrate, they generate vibrations…

…the fibers of the mid wall. Contraction in this layer results in a twisting (rotating) motion of the entire left ventricle. Basal segments rotate clockwise…

…severity. Tricuspid stenosis is visually characterized by thickened leaflets, with reduced motion and potentially fused commisures. Continuous Doppler is used to assess the stenosis. Doppler…

…the coronary lumen. Coronary imaging is technically demanding because the vessels are small and are subject to both cardiac and respiratory motion. Image quality is…

…evidence of new loss of viable myocardium or a new regional wall motion abnormality in an ischemic distribution Angiographic evidence of a flow limiting procedural…

…pathological Q waves. Imaging evidence of new loss of viable myocardium or a new regional wall motion abnormality in an ischaemic pattern. Identification of a…

…ventricular dilation. The left ventricle and the septum are generally spared. Regional wall motion abnormalities–i.e hypokinesia, dyskinesia and kinesia–may also be s

…measure of systolic function; it is only reliable if the left ventricle has normal geometry and no significant wall motion abnormalities. Fractional shortening can be…

…reflected sound waves is called Doppler shift . Erythrocytes in motion will alter the frequency of reflected sound waves. Erythrocytes flowing towards the transducer will reflect…

…the fibers of the mid wall. Contraction in this layer results in a twisting motion of the entire ventricle. The basal segments are twisted clockwise…