…fraction (HFrEF), and post myocardial infarction (MI) care. Despite their proven morbidity and mortality benefits, their use is limited by specific adverse effects. Most of…

…to work and appropriate recreational or sporting activity Limit recurrent myocardial infarction, cardiovascular morbidity, and mortality The modern concept of rehabilitation has evolved from early…

Cardiology Hypertension is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The individual and public health effects of hypertension are devastating. Due to the simplicity…

…Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Thromboembolism Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and a profound driver of global cardiovascular morbidity and mortality…

…increasingly recognized as a significant cause of maternal morbidity and mortality during the postpartum period. Maternal and obstetric complications Immediate maternal complications include placental abruption…

…of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Due to its profound pro arrhythmic effects and lack of compelling data regarding morbidity and mortality benefits, digoxin has been ousted…

…cardiovascular medicine. As a primary driver of sudden cardiac death (SCD) and a major cause of morbidity in patients with structural heart disease, VT necessitates…

…of other forms of acute tubular necrosis, although the complication remains associated with post procedural morbidity and mortality. Pathophysiology The precise mechanism of contrast induced…

…continuous variable and echocardiographic measurement has meaningful variability. Patients with LVEF 40% have substantial morbidity and mortality, despite often having a greater burden of cardiovascular…

…obesity is generally defined as BMI ≥35 kg/m2, while BMI ≥50 kg/m2 has been termed super morbid obesity. BMI categories are summarized below…

…disease, and management should therefore address the entire arterial circulation. PAD is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, as well as limb complications. Atherosclerotic…

…of upper abdominal pain. An ECG recording costs approximately $10 (10€) and may reduce morbidity and mortality substantially in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Importantly…

…and evidence based interventions. Many tachyarrhythmias carry a potential risk of serious morbidity or mortality, underscoring the need for a structured and guideline directed approach…

…found in the dead heart. The cause of death in these victims is not explained on the basis of morbid anatomy. This is not a…

…for approximately half of patients with symptomatic heart failure. These patients experience substantial morbidity and mortality, despite often having a considerable burden of non cardiac…

…supporting revascularization. In less severe coronary disease, PCI generally offers more rapid recovery and lower initial morbidity than CABG, with lower stroke rates, but it…

…the longest QT interval is the QT dispersion. Increased QT dispersion is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This is presumably explained by a higher…

…may remain elevated thereafter. The overall health benefit is greater still when reductions in non cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are included. Clinical presentation and assessment…

…the first year, although the available material does not establish a significant increase in late morbidity or mortality attributable to these events. Clinical presentation and…

…well), which is why clinicians mostly choose rate control. Both rate and rhythm control reduce morbidity, and mortality and improve quality of life. These approaches…

…found in the dead heart. The cause of death in these victims is not explained on the basis of morbid anatomy. This is not a…