…fraction (HFrEF), and post myocardial infarction (MI) care. Despite their proven morbidity and mortality benefits, their use is limited by specific adverse effects. Most of…

…to work and appropriate recreational or sporting activity Limit recurrent myocardial infarction, cardiovascular morbidity, and mortality The modern concept of rehabilitation has evolved from early…

Cardiology Hypertension is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The individual and public health effects of hypertension are devastating. Due to the simplicity…

…Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Thromboembolism Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and a profound driver of global cardiovascular morbidity and mortality…

…increasingly recognized as a significant cause of maternal morbidity and mortality during the postpartum period. Maternal and obstetric complications Immediate maternal complications include placental abruption…

…of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Due to its profound pro arrhythmic effects and lack of compelling data regarding morbidity and mortality benefits, digoxin has been ousted…

…cardiovascular medicine. As a primary driver of sudden cardiac death (SCD) and a major cause of morbidity in patients with structural heart disease, VT necessitates…

…of other forms of acute tubular necrosis, although the complication remains associated with post procedural morbidity and mortality. Pathophysiology The precise mechanism of contrast induced…

…continuous variable and echocardiographic measurement has meaningful variability. Patients with LVEF 40% have substantial morbidity and mortality, despite often having a greater burden of cardiovascular…

…obesity is generally defined as BMI ≥35 kg/m2, while BMI ≥50 kg/m2 has been termed super morbid obesity. BMI categories are summarized below…