…counselling and, where appropriate, molecular testing. The approach is particularly relevant to cardiomyopathies, channelopathies, heritable aortopathies, selected congenital heart diseases, pulmonary arterial hypertension and thromboembolic…

…response and more local reaction. Procedure Intramuscular — deltoid 1. Expose the whole shoulder; rolling up a sleeve creates a constriction that distorts the anatomy and…

Cardiology Pharmacology & dosing Definition and pharmacological rationale Bempedoic acid is an oral, small molecule lipid lowering agent used to reduce low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL…

…with low molecular weight heparin is rarely needed with DOACs. Reversal in major bleeding Drug Reversal : : Warfarin Prothrombin complex concentrate (dose by INR and weight…

…< 20 kPa (150 mmHg), and permissive hypercapnia as long as the pH stays above about 7.20. Different targets apply when the intracranial pressure…

…5 Take cultures or molecular tests from the suspected focus, but avoid sampling that delays antibiotics 6 Take a targeted history and examine the patient…

…local procedure. Low molecular weight heparin, not a DOAC Active cancer A DOAC or low molecular weight heparin. Consider the bleeding risk with gastrointestinal and…

…dose in parallel. Procedure Initiation with a loading dose Used when a rapid effect is wanted and the patient is also receiving LMWH, for example…

…while nitrosative stress and abnormalities of cellular and molecular myocardial function may further impair contraction and relaxation. Structural and vascular consequences Common structural consequences include…

…plexogenic, and sometimes thrombotic changes that may result in near total obliteration of affected vessels. Genetic, molecular, and acquired factors may interact in its development…

…Clarke RC, Mertes PM, et al. Molecular mechanisms and pathophysiology of perioperative hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis: a narrative review. Br J Anaesth 2019; 123:e3849. Wallmuller…

…Clarke RC, Mertes PM, et al. Molecular mechanisms and pathophysiology of perioperative hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis: a narrative review. Br J Anaesth 2019; 123:e3849. Wallmuller…

…Clarke RC, Mertes PM, et al. Molecular mechanisms and pathophysiology of perioperative hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis: a narrative review. Br J Anaesth 2019;123:e3849. Wallmuller…

…Ebo DG, Clarke RC, Mertes PM, et al. Molecular mechanisms and pathophysiology of perioperative hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis: a narrative review. Br J Anaesth 2019; 1

…well as their clearance. cTnI has a smaller molecular weight (35 kDa) than cTnT (37 kDa), and a faster release kinetics. This may explain higher…

…valvular, and hypertensive causes are excluded. However, advances in molecular diagnostics reveal that up to 30 40% of "idiopathic" cases harbor a genetic basis. Truncating…

…limited additional reclassification beyond currently recommended global risk scores, and its interpretation should remain integrated with the overall risk profile. Measurement Who should be tested…

…containing lipoproteins, including: LDL Intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) Chylomicrons and other triglyceride rich particles Thus, non…

…the concentration of circulating atherogenic particles because each apoB containing particle carries one apoB molecule. LDL C, non HDL C and apoB are usually correlated…

…upregulating the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM 1) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM 1), and increasing the permeability of the endothelium…

…microvascular and epicardial vasomotor disorders. Endothelial activation can promote the release of adhesion molecules, inflammatory cytokines, and vasoconstricting mediators, producing abnormal vascular responses and potentially…

…HF with mildly reduced EF (HFmrEF, 41–49%), and HFpEF (≥50%) [1] [2] . Crucially, contemporary definitions distinguish HFpEF from "Heart Failure with improved EF" (HFimpEF…