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Lipid-Lowering Therapy: Statins as First-Line Treatment

…angiographic reduction of coronary obstruction. Intensive lipid lowering improves endothelial function, lowers circulating high sensitivity C reactive protein, reduces thrombogenicity, and favourably modifies inflammatory and…

Alcohol and Cardiovascular Disease

…60 minutes after ingestion. Elimination follows zero order kinetics at low to moderate concentrations and first order kinetics at higher concentrations. Ethanol is water soluble…

Preeclampsia and Hypertensive Pregnancy Disorders as Future Cardiovascular Risk

…helps explain the neurological manifestations of preeclampsia and the potential for stroke even at blood pressure levels that might otherwise be considered only moderately elevated…

🟠 Mitral valve

Mitral valve regurgitation Primary parameters Mild regurgiation Moderate regurgitation Severe regurgitation Vena contracta (cm) < 0,3 0,3 0,69 0,69 EROA (cm²…

🟠 Pulmonary valve

Pulmonary valve regurgitation Mild regurgiation Moderate regurgitation Severe regurgitation Pulmonary valve morphology normal normal/abnormal abnormal Density CW Doppler weak, slow deceleration variable dense, steep…

🟠 Tricuspid valve

Tricuspid valve regurgitation Primary parameters Mild regurgiation Moderate regurgitation Severe regurgitation PISA radius < 0,6 0,6 0,9 0,9 Vena contracta (cm…

Hypertriglyceridaemia: Management and Cardiovascular Risk

…Thresholds vary among guideline systems: Classification Fasting triglycerides Non fasting triglycerides Mild to moderate HTG 150–499 mg/dL (1.7–5.6 mmol/L)…

Indications and contraindications for myocardial perfusion imaging

…symptoms suggestive of CAD. SPECT imaging is recommended as the initial study in patients with low to moderate risk of CAD. In patients with a…

Corticosteroids: quick reference for dose equivalents and stress dosing

…life : : : : Hydrocortisone (cortisol) 20 mg Marked Short, 8–12 hours Prednisolone 5 mg Moderate Intermediate, 12–36 hours Methylprednisolone 4 mg Low Intermediate Betamethasone 0…

Exercise stress test on cycle ergometer

…perform the test only on a clear indication and with full preparedness Moderate to severe aortic stenosis without symptoms Individual assessment Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with outflow…

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