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Cardiovascular effects of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019)

…most important risk factors for poor outcomes. The vast majority of infections with COVID 19 result in mild disease, with symptoms similar to seasonal flu…

Alcohol and Cardiovascular Disease

…reduced systemic vascular resistance. The resulting mild reduction in blood pressure is often accompanied by a compensatory rise in cardiac output. Although these changes are…

Cardiac amyloidosis

…drugs or repeated ablation procedures should raise suspicion, especially in patients in their mid 60s or older [10]. Physical examination may reveal a normal or…

🟠 Pulmonary valve

Pulmonary valve regurgitation Mild regurgiation Moderate regurgitation Severe regurgitation Pulmonary valve morphology normal normal/abnormal abnormal Density CW Doppler weak, slow deceleration variable dense, steep…

🟠 Mitral valve

Mitral valve regurgitation Primary parameters Mild regurgiation Moderate regurgitation Severe regurgitation Vena contracta (cm) < 0,3 0,3 0,69 0,69 EROA (cm²…

🟠 Tricuspid valve

Tricuspid valve regurgitation Primary parameters Mild regurgiation Moderate regurgitation Severe regurgitation PISA radius < 0,6 0,6 0,9 0,9 Vena contracta (cm…

Hypertriglyceridaemia: Management and Cardiovascular Risk

…Thresholds vary among guideline systems: Classification Fasting triglycerides Non fasting triglycerides Mild to moderate HTG 150–499 mg/dL (1.7–5.6 mmol/L…

Pulmonary regurgitation

…hypertension. Table 1 presents the causes of pulmonary regurgitation. Mild pulmonary regurgitation is a normal echocardiographic finding that requires no further investigation. Table 1. Causes…

Acute exacerbation of COPD: quick reference

…Give short acting bronchodilators. 5. Give a systemic corticosteroid if the exacerbation is more than mild. 6. Assess the indication for antibiotics on the basis…

Nail procedures — paronychia, ingrown toenail and subungual haematoma

…Acute paronychia without pus formation Antibiotics and soaks alone Ingrown nail with mild inflammation Splinting with a cotton wisp Ingrown nail with moderate inflammation Splinting…

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