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Microvascular Angina and INOCA: Diagnosis with CFR and IMR

…proBNP are more frequent in this pattern. Endothelial dysfunction may contribute to both microvascular and epicardial vasomotor disorders. Endothelial activation can promote the release of…

Cryotherapy of skin lesions

Procedurer Cryotherapy destroys tissue through intracellular ice crystal formation and through microvascular thrombosis in the treated area. The method is quick, cheap and requires no…

Sepsis and septic shock: quick reference for the first hour

…Lathundar Purpose and scope A quick reference for the doctor on call faced with suspected sepsis in adults: rapid recognition, microbiological sampling, empirical intravenous antibiotics…

Hypertension: Initial Combination Therapy and Drug Selection

Cardiology Pharmacology & dosing Definition and Therapeutic Rationale Hypertension is a major risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and contributes to microvascular and macrovascular complications. It…

Chronic Coronary Syndrome: Diagnosis and Initial Evaluation

…Chronic coronary syndromes (CCS) comprise the clinical manifestations of chronic structural and/or functional disease involving the epicardial coronary arteries and/or the coronary microcirculation…

No-Reflow Phenomenon During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Prevention and Treatment

…limiting epicardial coronary stenosis. It is therefore a disorder of coronary microvascular perfusion rather than persistent obstruction of the treated epicardial segment. The phenomenon occurs…

Opioids in acute pain: quick reference for dosing and conversion

…mg Fentanyl patch: 12 micrograms/hour corresponds approximately to 25–30 mg of oral morphine per day, and 25 micrograms/hour to approximately 40–50…

Antianginal Therapy: Beta-Blockers, Calcium Channel Blockers, Nitrates, and Ranolazine

…may result predominantly from obstructive epicardial coronary disease, coronary vasospasm, microvascular dysfunction, or combinations of these mechanisms. Drug selection can therefore be tailored to the…

Cardiovascular Risk in Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disease

…It may include: Accelerated atherosclerosis and premature myocardial infarction Coronary microvascular dysfunction Myocarditis and pericarditis Coronary or large vessel arteritis Pulmonary arterial vasculopathy and pulmonary…

Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Outcomes

…cardiac function, satiety, appetite, the gut microbiome and metabolic expenditure. Food processing, additives and cooking methods may also contribute. The cardioprotective effect is therefore likely…

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