…to the heart. In instances of tension pneumothorax, the accumulated pressure can shift the entire mediastinum, manifesting externally as a laryngeal displacement. Etiologies of tension…

…a tamponade, chest compressions have limited efficacy. Furthermore, administering large tidal volumes might inadvertently elevate intrathoracic pressures, additionally compromising venous return. Draining the pericardium, therefore…

…red marrow is abundant, and the distance to vessels and abdominal organs is large. The sternum may be used for aspiration when the iliac crest…

…serves as a barrier to infections. The pericardium reduces friction between the ventricles and surrounding structures of the mediastinum. Friction is reduced because the fluid…