…Principles of myocardial perfusion imaging Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is a non invasive technique for detecting and quantifying coronary artery disease (CAD). It offers visual…

…aphasia and radiological changes resembling ischaemic stroke. Glucose measurement is therefore always part of the initial stroke assessment [1]. Treat immediately when there are symptoms…

…airway, breathing, circulation and level of consciousness. 2. Attach ECG, pulse oximetry and repeated blood pressure measurement when a hypertensive emergency is suspected. 3. Insert…

…with functional assessment. A central practical principle is that the visual severity of a stenosis does not reliably establish its haemodynamic importance. A lesion that…

…information. Coronary pressure measurements permit assessment of the physiological significance of selected stenoses using fractional flow reserve (FFR) and instantaneous wave free ratio (iFR). Other…

…is weak, particularly for intermediate lesions. Even lesions with a visual diameter reduction of 50–70% may or may not produce ischaemia. Conversely, some lesions…

…assessment of mitral stenosis includes visual and 2D imaging, as well as Doppler measurements to assess the degree of stenosis and evaluation of complications. Visual…

…the maximum arterial pulsatile pressure during systole. With auscultatory measurement, it corresponds to the appearance of the first Korotkoff sound. Diastolic blood pressure: the minimum…

…Capnography refers to the measurement of end tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO 2 ) in the respiratory system. ETCO 2 is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide …

…using pulsed Doppler. Estimating left ventricular filling pressure via e' . Measurement of deceleration time (DT) . Diastolic function can be estimated from E/A ratio, e'…