…information. Coronary pressure measurements permit assessment of the physiological significance of selected stenoses using fractional flow reserve (FFR) and instantaneous wave free ratio (iFR). Other…

…airway, breathing, circulation and level of consciousness. 2. Attach ECG, pulse oximetry and repeated blood pressure measurement when a hypertensive emergency is suspected. 3. Insert…

…family history, particularly in the broader assessment of peripheral arterial and aortic disease; planned surgery, especially carotid endarterectomy (CEA), coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), or…

…a coronary care unit or another setting that allows frequent blood pressure measurement and continuous monitoring. An arterial line is often appropriate when very rapid…

…Functional assessment with pressure or flow measurements, intravascular imaging, or fractional flow reserve derived from computed tomography can refine interpretation. Coronary plaque and future events…

…ability of the coronary arteries to maintain a relatively constant myocardial blood flow despite changes in coronary perfusion pressure, typically within a range of 50…

…diastolic reserve becomes evident, with a rise in left atrial and pulmonary pressures that contributes to exertional breathlessness and reduced exercise capacity. Multiorgan and comorbidity…

…least 10 minutes unless promptly treated Severe chest pain, pressure, or discomfort An accelerating pattern of angina, with increasing frequency or severity Symptoms that awaken…

…coronary pressure to mean aortic pressure. FFR ranges from 0 to 1; a normal value is approximately 0.94–1.0. The physiological basis of…

…chronic coronary syndromes Chronic coronary syndromes (CCS) describe stable period clinical presentations arising from structural or functional abnormalities of the coronary arteries or coronary microcirculation…