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Invasive Coronary Angiography: Indications and Vascular Access

…information. Coronary pressure measurements permit assessment of the physiological significance of selected stenoses using fractional flow reserve (FFR) and instantaneous wave free ratio (iFR). Other…

Coronary Anatomy and Segmental Classification for the Clinician

…Functional assessment with pressure or flow measurements, intravascular imaging, or fractional flow reserve derived from computed tomography can refine interpretation. Coronary plaque and future events…

Coronary CT Angiography and CAD-RADS Reporting

…tomographic angiography (CCTA) is a non invasive anatomical examination that depicts the coronary arterial lumen, atherosclerotic plaque, and the severity and distribution of coronary stenosis…

Principles of myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT, PET), coronary blood flow and flow reserve (CFR)

…employed to evaluate myocardial perfusion by measuring the intensity of their uptake within the myocardium. Furthermore, certain radiotracers enable direct measurement of coronary blood flow…

Heart Failure With Mildly Reduced Ejection Fraction

…and have a greater likelihood of coronary artery disease, which is present in approximately 50–60% of patients. Conversely, atrial fibrillation and non cardiac comorbidities…

Physics of myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT, PET): Radiotracers, perfusion, blood flow and viability

…arteries are equally compromised, leading to uniform perfusion that may appear deceptively normal on SPECT. Detecting multivessel disease requires quantification of absolute coronary blood flow…

Fractional Flow Reserve and Non-Hyperaemic Pressure Ratios

…Definition and pathophysiology Fractional flow reserve (FFR) is an invasive, lesion specific physiological index used to estimate the functional significance of an epicardial coronary stenosis…

Circulatory and haemodynamic parameters

Referensvärden Haemodynamic measurements become interpretable only when related to one another. A low blood pressure may be due to low flow, low vascular tone or…

Acute severe asthma in adults: quick reference

…level of consciousness and PEF improve at the same time. Acute severe asthma is characterised by bronchospasm, mucosal oedema and mucus plugging. Expiratory flow limitation…

Right Ventricular Infarction: Recognition and Haemodynamic Management

…low output, or persistent severe symptoms require close monitoring and consideration of invasive haemodynamic assessment when precise measurements are needed to guide therapy. Diagnostics Electrocardiography…

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