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Hypoglycaemia: quick reference for emergency management

…all in diabetes. The severity of the symptoms and the patient's need for help matter more than a single measured value [2]. Level Plasma…

Hypertensive crisis: quick reference for acute blood pressure lowering

…Conversely, a rapid rise in blood pressure from a previously low level can cause organ damage at lower values, for example in pregnancy, acute glomerular…

Atropine: Dosing in Bradycardia and Its Limitations

…can disrupt the conduction system at any level, producing atrioventricular (AV) or intraventricular blocks. Isolated sinus bradycardia in the early hours following infarction may be…

Acute exacerbation of COPD: quick reference

…until the risk of hypercapnia has been assessed. 3. Take an arterial blood gas in respiratory compromise, low saturation, suspected carbon dioxide retention, reduced consciousness…

Acute severe asthma in adults: quick reference

…in the chest and stopped struggling may be about to stop breathing. Diminishing wheeze means improvement only if air entry, speech, work of breathing, level…

Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state: quick reference

…does not produce the same sustained shift of water [3]. Severity of DKA The classification helps in choosing the level of care. The clinical state…

Electrical cardioversion

…relative contraindication to elective cardioversion. It does not apply in haemodynamic instability. Digitalis toxicity — a risk of refractory ventricular arrhythmias. Therapeutic digoxin levels, by contrast…

Ezetimibe: Place in Therapy and Expected LDL-C Reduction

…maximum tolerated statin dose. This recommendation carries Class I status with Level B evidence in the chronic coronary syndrome lipid lowering recommendations. Acute coronary syndrome…

Evaluation of exercise stress test: ECG, symptoms, blood pressure, heart rate, performance

…exertion at a low workload is a strong predictor of adverse outcomes. Table 1. Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale RATING LEVEL OF EXERTION COMMENT…

Pre-test Probability and Selection of Non-invasive Testing in Stable Angina

…symptoms are severe, refractory to guideline directed medical therapy, occur at a low level of exertion, or are associated with high event risk. The apparent…

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