…valve leaflets (Figure 1). Rheumatic heart disease is the leading cause of mitral regurgitation in low and middle income countries. Rheumatic heart disease typically results…

…disease (atherosclerosis). The average age at diagnosis of aortic stenosis is 75 years in high income countries. In low and middle income countries, rheumatic heart…

…In principle, all causes of pericarditis can result in constrictive pericarditis. In high income countries, idiopathic pericarditis, radiation to the pericardium and surgical interventions are…

…complex pharmacokinetics that profoundly influence its dosing strategies. The drug is slowly and incompletely absorbed after oral administration, with systemic bioavailability ranging from 25% to…

…when triglycerides are elevated, LDL C is very low, or cardiometabolic abnormalities make LDL C an incomplete representation of atherogenic burden. Clinical Presentation and Symptoms…

…difficult. In patients with normal renal function, the occurrence of contrast induced AKI is negligible or very low. Risk rises substantially with chronic kidney disease…

…cytotoxic drugs, parenteral nutrition. The need for several simultaneous, incompatible infusions. Haemodialysis, plasmapheresis or other extracorporeal therapy (requires a large bore dialysis catheter, not an…

…when the sinus rate is extremely low—such as less than 40 to 50 beats per minute in the first 4 to 6 hours after…

…atrophy, myocardial fibrosis, calcification, vascular remodeling, altered diastolic filling, chronotropic incompetence, and impaired hemodynamic stability commonly coexist. These changes promote hypertension, ischemia, valvular abnormalities, arrhythmias…

…7]. Etiology and Mechanisms LBBB may result from lesser degrees of conduction delay within the left bundle system in the case of incomplete LBBB [7]…