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Ivabradine: Indications, Dosing and Heart-Rate Targets

…B recommendation. Combination therapy is preferred when feasible because it may provide greater benefit than either drug alone. Long term efficacy data remain limited, and…

Smoking Cessation: Pharmacotherapy and Cardiovascular Benefit

…is more effective than advice alone, although long term success rates remain modest and repeated intervention is often necessary. Patients with acute coronary syndrome should…

Hypertensive crisis: quick reference for acute blood pressure lowering

…renal perfusion, particularly in patients with long standing hypertension and a rightward shifted autoregulation [1,3]. The term hypertensive urgency is best avoided. It implies…

The ST segment: physiology, normal appearance, ST depression & ST elevation

…wave. Because of the long duration of the plateau phase most contractile cells are in this phase at the same time (more or less). Moreover…

Heart failure: Causes, types, diagnosis, treatments & management

…a new drug class, the ARNI (Angiotensin–Neprilysin Inhibitors), a long awaited breakthrough. Heart failure is a serious condition with a poor long term prognosis…

Heart failure: Introduction

…a new drug class, the ARNI (Angiotensin–Neprilysin Inhibitors), a long awaited breakthrough. Heart failure is a serious condition with a poor long term prognosis…

Short and long-term prognostication in cardiac arrest

…if the initial rhythm is asystole or PEA. Most current protocols for ECMO exclude patients presenting with asystole or PEA. Duration of cardiac arrest : In…

Risk factors for sudden cardiac arrest

…develop strategies and tools for long term prevention of cardiac arrest. Unfortunately, these efforts have not borne fruit. Our current ability to predict cardiac arrest…

Ventricular Tachycardia

…and unstable presentations, the critical entity of electrical storm, and the long term management strategies informed by recent sub group analyses, registry data, and ongoing…

A new ECG biomarker for sudden cardiac death

…no reliable model currently exists for the long term prediction of sudden cardiac arrest. The constraint does not lie in therapy: implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs…

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