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Artifacts in ultrasound imaging

…and appear brighter on the image. Structures with low echogenicity reflect less ultrasound and become darker in the image. Acoustic shadowing Some structures have very…

The ultrasound transducer

…the transducer is an acoustic lens . This is the hard rubber that focuses the ultrasound waves, which results in less scatter of the waves and…

Two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography

…ms). Increasing the number of ultrasound lines or image depth will reduce the frame rate since more time is required to complete each frame. Thus…

Edrophonium test

Procedurer Edrophonium is a very short acting cholinesterase inhibitor: the effect appears within less than a minute and has gone after 5–10 minutes. That…

Inpatient insulin therapy: quick reference

Endokrinologi & metabolism Lathundar An inpatient has a different insulin sensitivity from at home: less food, more stress, often corticosteroids, often impaired renal function. Prescribe basal…

Epistaxis — compression, cautery and anterior nasal packing

…is done wrongly: the patient pinches the nasal bone instead of the soft part, and lets go after two minutes. Management is a ladder — compression…

🟠 Drug-Induced Cardiotoxicity

…NA sp ambiguous hypotension(Pediatric Use) mild BAL DIMERCAPROL Dimercaprol Mixed ar less tachycardia/blood pressure mild Trelstar TRIPTORELIN PAMOATE TRIPTORELIN PAMOATE Mixed wp most…

🟠 Labetalol

…alpha adrenergic blocker with rapid onset of action. Labetalol has less antihypertensive efficacy as compared with nicardipine. Labetalol is safe in patients with coronary artery…

🟠 Metoprolol

…myocardial oxygen consumption and myocardial contractility. Less pronounced blood pressure lowering effect than esmolol and labetalol. Time to onset of action 20 minutes Duration of…

Cardiac Tamponade: Recognition and Pericardiocentesis

…blood, or, less commonly, a mass. Tamponade occurs when intrapericardial pressure equals or exceeds right atrial pressure. The haemodynamic consequences are progressive impairment of right…

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