…in with the needle stings. Needles of the correct length (see the table), a syringe of the correct size, a sharps bin. For vaccination: adrenaline…

…high value As required, in addition to the mealtime dose Never stop basal insulin in a person with type 1 diabetes , not even before fasting…

Cardiology Endocrinology & metabolism Definition and Pathophysiology Metabolic syndrome is a clustering of cardiometabolic abnormalities centred on abdominal adiposity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, elevated blood pressure and…

…or arrhythmia. 4. Shift potassium into the cells with insulin and glucose. Add high dose salbutamol in marked hyperkalaemia if there is no contraindication. 5…

…as commonly occurs with obesity, diabetes, prediabetes, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and hypertriglyceridaemia. Because triglyceride rich particles contribute additional cholesterol—often approximately 30 mg/dL…

…inferred from changes in a single intermediate marker such as cholesterol. Dietary composition may influence blood pressure, glucose–insulin homeostasis, lipids and apolipoproteins, endothelial function…

…dL ( 5.6 mmol/L) Triglyceride rich lipoproteins, remnant lipoproteins and insulin resistance are associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), particularly in peripheral arterial disease…

…blocker Glucagon IV Calcium flow inhibitor (calcium blocker) Calcium iv High dose insulin with glucose IV Carbamates Atropine Pralidoxime chloride Cyanide hydroxocobalamin Cyanide antidote kit …

…Tapering : : : < 3 weeks, at any dose Low Can be stopped straight away 3 weeks, prednisolone < 5 mg/day Low to moderate Can usually…

…blood ketones ≥ 3 mmol/L and acidosis, the ketosis must be treated immediately with DKA dose insulin, while the osmolality is corrected cautiously [1,3…

…later targeted analysis. Initial monitoring and investigations Investigation Comment : : Plasma glucose Taken immediately and repeated in impaired consciousness, or with insulin, a sulfonylurea, a beta…

…higher prevalence of conventional cardiovascular risk factors. Smoking and insulin resistance are associated with both RA and cardiovascular risk. Dyslipidaemia may be difficult to interpret…

…Plasma volume expansion Myocardial remodelling and fibrosis These processes form part of the broader cardiovascular kidney metabolic syndrome, in which adiposity, insulin resistance, diabetes, hypertension…

…C, non HDL C and apoB are usually correlated, but discordance may occur when particles differ in cholesterol content or size. In such cases, cardiovascular…

…low grade systemic inflammation Insulin resistance Abnormal adipokine signalling Endothelial dysfunction Dyslipidaemia A prothrombotic state Albuminuria and declining estimated glomerular filtration rate Development of type…

…changes. Specific electrolyte disorders 1. Sodium Increased (hypernatremia) and decreased (hyponatremia) sodium levels do not have any effect on the ECG, nor cardiac rhythm, or…