…endothelial and renal pathophysiology in insulin resistance. Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Fatty Liver Disease Insulin resistance increases free fatty acid delivery to the liver and reduces…

…enhanced elimination. For many poisonings, well delivered supportive treatment matters more than the antidote [1,2]. Telephone your national or regional poison control centre , which…

…A low risk of hypoglycaemia; it can usually be continued Red flags and pitfalls Stopping basal insulin in type 1 diabetes. The single most dangerous…

…4. Shift potassium into the cells with insulin and glucose. Add high dose salbutamol in marked hyperkalaemia if there is no contraindication. 5. At the…

…6. Inject at an even rate, about 1 mL per 3–5 seconds. 7. Withdraw the needle at the same angle and press with a…

…as commonly occurs with obesity, diabetes, prediabetes, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and hypertriglyceridaemia. Because triglyceride rich particles contribute additional cholesterol—often approximately 30 mg/dL…

…inferred from changes in a single intermediate marker such as cholesterol. Dietary composition may influence blood pressure, glucose–insulin homeostasis, lipids and apolipoproteins, endothelial function…

…moderate HTG 150–499 mg/dL (1.7–5.6 mmol/L) in some guidance; 150 mg/dL (≥1.7 mmol/L) in ESC primary…

…induce cardiac arrest or cause profound cardiopulmonary depression. Table 1 delineates substances for which specific antidotes are available. The detrimental effects of these substances can…

…life : : : : Hydrocortisone (cortisol) 20 mg Marked Short, 8–12 hours Prednisolone 5 mg Moderate Intermediate, 12–36 hours Methylprednisolone 4 mg Low Intermediate Betamethasone 0…

…or bicarbonate 10 to < 15 mmol/L Unaffected or mildly impaired Severe DKA 6 mmol/L pH < 7.00 or bicarbonate < 10…

…events per 1000 patient years, compared with 15.0 per 1000 patient years in age matched controls without autoimmune disease. The greatest risks were reported…

…disease; preparation for renal replacement therapy is required 5 <15 mL/min/1.73 m² Kidney failure range Highest likelihood of requiring renal replacement therap

…with lower ASCVD risk across the range studied, including concentrations below 1.4 mmol/L (55 mg/dL). The proportional reduction in cardiovascular risk is…

…low grade systemic inflammation Insulin resistance Abnormal adipokine signalling Endothelial dysfunction Dyslipidaemia A prothrombotic state Albuminuria and declining estimated glomerular filtration rate Development of type…

…a correlation between the severity of electrolyte imbalance and the visible ECG changes. Specific electrolyte disorders 1. Sodium Increased (hypernatremia) and decreased (hyponatremia) sodium levels…