…endothelial and renal pathophysiology in insulin resistance. Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Fatty Liver Disease Insulin resistance increases free fatty acid delivery to the liver and reduces…

…enhanced elimination. For many poisonings, well delivered supportive treatment matters more than the antidote [1,2]. Telephone your national or regional poison control centre , which…

…Basal insulin (intermediate or long acting) Covers fasting glucose production Everyone with type 1 diabetes, always, including while fasting. Many with type 2 Mealtime insulin…

…suspicion. 3. Give intravenous calcium in the presence of hyperkalaemic ECG changes or arrhythmia. 4. Shift potassium into the cells with insulin and glucose. Add…

…6. Inject at an even rate, about 1 mL per 3–5 seconds. 7. Withdraw the needle at the same angle and press with a…

…containing lipoproteins, including: LDL Intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) Chylomicrons and other triglyceride rich particles Thus, non…

…For cardiometabolic health, the most favourable patterns generally contain more minimally processed, fibre rich and bioactive foods, including fruits, non starchy vegetables, beans, whole grains…

…therapy Some antiretroviral therapies Post transplant medications, including corticosteroids, cyclosporine and sirolimus In transplantation, corticosteroids can promote insulin resistance, free fatty acid synthesis and very…

…blocker Glucagon IV Calcium flow inhibitor (calcium blocker) Calcium iv High dose insulin with glucose IV Carbamates Atropine Pralidoxime chloride Cyanide hydroxocobalamin Cyanide antidote kit …

…evening. See the quick reference on inpatient insulin therapy Peptic ulcer A proton pump inhibitor with concomitant NSAID use or a history of ulcer, not…

…blood ketones ≥ 3 mmol/L and acidosis, the ketosis must be treated immediately with DKA dose insulin, while the osmolality is corrected cautiously [1,3]…

…a higher cardiovascular risk than the general population. This excess risk has been documented across a broad range of conditions, including gout, vasculitis, systemic sclerosis…

…persist for more than 3 months and have health implications. Diagnostic criteria include an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) below 60 mL/min/1.73…

…with lower ASCVD risk across the range studied, including concentrations below 1.4 mmol/L (55 mg/dL). The proportional reduction in cardiovascular risk is…

…low grade systemic inflammation Insulin resistance Abnormal adipokine signalling Endothelial dysfunction Dyslipidaemia A prothrombotic state Albuminuria and declining estimated glomerular filtration rate Development of type…

…Sinoatrial (SA) block. Ventricular fibrillation. 3. Potassium Potassium plays a key role in both depolarization and repolarization, which is why potassium imbalance may cause dramatic…