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Acute kidney injury: quick reference for management

…KDIGO Acute kidney injury is present when at least one of the following criteria is met [1]: A rise in creatinine of at least 26…

The Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction: Types 1–5

…myocardial injury , demonstrated by a rise and/or fall in cTn with at least one value above the 99th percentile URL; and Clinical evidence of…

Reduction of dislocations

…longer a joint remains dislocated, the harder the reduction becomes and the greater the risk of chondral and neurovascular injury. Aim for reduction within a…

Complications of Coronary Angiography and Vascular Access Management

…and blood transfusion with radial access. Radial access has also been associated with lower overall major adverse cardiac events and mortality in pooled analyses of…

Immediate Management of Type A and Type B Aortic Dissection

…of acute aortic syndrome (AAS), alongside intramural haematoma, penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer, aortic pseudoaneurysm and traumatic aortic injury. In classic dissection, an intimal tear permits blood…

Myocardial Injury Versus Infarction: Interpreting Troponin Elevation

…Acute myocardial infarction requires: Acute myocardial injury, demonstrated by a rise and/or fall in cardiac troponin with at least one value above the 99th…

STEMI: Primary PCI and System-of-Care Time Targets

…objective is restoration of blood flow to the infarct related myocardial territory and limitation of infarct size. The extent of myocardial injury is strongly influenced…

Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: Risk Assessment and Prevention

…combined effects of contrast exposure and other ischaemic or nephrotoxic stresses. The kidney is particularly vulnerable to toxic injury because of its high blood flow…

Cardiovascular effects of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019)

…levels. The mortality rate among patients with elevated troponin I was 51.2%, as compared with 4.5% among patients without evidence of myocardial injury…

Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction: Types 1–5

…Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction Consensus Documents, with the Fourth Universal Definition published in 2018. A fundamental prerequisite for diagnosing any MI is myocardial injury…

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