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Peripheral Artery Disease: Diagnosis, Ankle–Brachial Index and Risk Management

…or numbness of the foot and toes. Pain that is worse at night or when the limb is horizontal. Improvement when the leg is placed…

Acute kidney injury: quick reference for management

…KDIGO Acute kidney injury is present when at least one of the following criteria is met [1]: A rise in creatinine of at least 26…

The Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction: Types 1–5

…myocardial injury , demonstrated by a rise and/or fall in cTn with at least one value above the 99th percentile URL; and Clinical evidence of…

Reduction of dislocations

…determine afterwards whether a nerve injury was caused by the injury or by the treatment. Indications A clinically or radiologically confirmed dislocation of the shoulder…

Complications of Coronary Angiography and Vascular Access Management

…radial access. Radial access has also been associated with lower overall major adverse cardiac events and mortality in pooled analyses of randomized trials. Femoral access…

Immediate Management of Type A and Type B Aortic Dissection

…and Pathophysiology Aortic dissection is a major form of acute aortic syndrome (AAS), alongside intramural haematoma, penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer, aortic pseudoaneurysm and traumatic aortic injury…

Myocardial Injury Versus Infarction: Interpreting Troponin Elevation

…Acute myocardial infarction requires: Acute myocardial injury, demonstrated by a rise and/or fall in cardiac troponin with at least one value above the 99th…

STEMI: Primary PCI and System-of-Care Time Targets

…sex, Black race, lower socioeconomic or uninsured status, a history of angina or diabetes, and consultation with relatives or physicians before contacting emergency services. These…

Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: Risk Assessment and Prevention

…associated with worse outcomes. The risk of death at 1 year is increased in comparison with patients with preserved renal function, although the association may…

Cardiovascular effects of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019)

…levels. The mortality rate among patients with elevated troponin I was 51.2%, as compared with 4.5% among patients without evidence of myocardial injury…

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