…Insert a urinary catheter and start hourly urine output measurement. 5. Give a bolus of sodium bicarbonate 1–2 mmol/kg intravenously in symptomatic salicylate…

…Malignant hypertension represents an extreme form in which acute microvascular injury occurs, classically involving fibrinoid necrosis of small arteries in the kidneys, retina, and brain…

…media and recently stopped drugs. 8. Treat sepsis, bleeding, shock, hypoxia and any other underlying cause immediately. 9. Request ultrasound of the kidneys and urinary…

…improve the prognosis and can cause hypotension, acute kidney injury, myocardial ischaemia or cerebral hypoperfusion. Pain, anxiety, urinary retention, hypoxia, drug withdrawal and incorrect blood…

…urinary tract infection. At an eGFR <30 mL/min the antibacterial effect is lost. Dosed independently of renal function Doxycycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, metronidazole, moxifloxacin and…

…coronary occlusion and progress over time. Experimentally, necrosis advances from the subendocardium towards the subepicardium over several hours. The extent and tempo of injury are…

…ostia. It remains the reference standard for defining the extent of coronary artery disease because it provides anatomical information while permitting functional assessment and, when…

…particularly in iatrogenic aortic injury. Iatrogenic lesions commonly follow cardiac surgery, coronary angiography or other invasive procedures, and affected patients may be relatively painless compared…

…many cases, the renal injury probably represents acute tubular necrosis arising from the combined effects of contrast exposure and other ischaemic or nephrotoxic stresses. The…

…outcomes. The vast majority of infections with COVID 19 result in mild disease, with symptoms similar to seasonal flu (influenza) and other viral respiratory infections…