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Reduction of dislocations

…to a prosthesis) — a high risk of avascular necrosis of the femoral head and of vascular injury; always an orthopaedic surgeon, and usually general anaesthesia…

Acute kidney injury: quick reference for management

…Definition and staging according to KDIGO Acute kidney injury is present when at least one of the following criteria is met [1]: A rise in…

Statin Intolerance and Statin-Associated Muscle Symptoms

…myositis with muscle inflammation and elevated CK. Rhabdomyolysis is a rare, severe form of muscle injury. The biological basis of many reported muscle symptoms remains…

Myocardial Injury Versus Infarction: Interpreting Troponin Elevation

…are components of the myocardial contractile apparatus and are expressed predominantly in cardiac muscle. Troponin I is highly specific for myocardial injury. Interpretation of troponin…

Cardiac troponin I (TnI) and T (TnT): Interpretation and evaluation in acute coronary syndromes

…are cardiac specific isoforms of troponin and these are abbreviated cTnI, cTnT, and cTnC. The isoforms cTnI and cTnT are specific to cardiac muscle cells…

🟠 eGFR with MDRD

…injury. Influence of Muscle Mass and Diet: Serum creatinine levels, a key component of the MDRD equation, can be affected by factors such as muscle…

Acute Limb Ischaemia: Recognition and Urgent Management

…and venous filling may be reduced. Other possible findings include muscle stiffening and loss of deep tendon reflexes. Pulses are absent distal to the obstruction…

Type 2 Myocardial Infarction: Mechanisms and Management

…Type 2 myocardial infarction (MI) is defined as an ischaemic myocardial injury occurring in the context of a mismatch between myocardial oxygen supply and demand…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock

…beyond the original infarct zone. Coronary Occlusion and Myocardial Injury STEMI generally results from abrupt reduction in coronary blood flow caused by thrombotic occlusion of…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and Electrocardiographic Criteria

…muscle cells, leading to a white, platelet rich thrombus. Myocardial vulnerability, largely driven by coronary microvascular dysfunction, also contributes to the extension and severity of…

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