…The median time to arrival of the EMS is 10 to 15 minutes in Europe and North America, resulting in a survival rate of approximately…

…which contrast media are injected selectively into the epicardial coronary arteries through a catheter advanced from a peripheral artery to the aortic root and coronary…

…Definition and staging according to KDIGO Acute kidney injury is present when at least one of the following criteria is met [1]: A rise in…

…penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer, aortic pseudoaneurysm and traumatic aortic injury. In classic dissection, an intimal tear permits blood to enter the diseased aortic media. Blood then…

…many cases, the renal injury probably represents acute tubular necrosis arising from the combined effects of contrast exposure and other ischaemic or nephrotoxic stresses. The…

…medial thinning, destruction of muscular and elastic tissue, fragmentation of the internal elastic lamina, and superimposed platelet and fibrin rich thrombus. Lesions preferentially occur at…

…arteritis and giant cell arteritis Bicuspid aortic valve Coarctation of the aorta Previous aortic trauma Pregnancy, particularly the third trimester Weightlifting Cocaine use Deceleration injury…

…and endothelial or myocardial injury. Antithrombotic therapy may reduce embolization of thrombotic or atheroembolic material, but pharmacological and mechanical strategies directed specifically at reperfusion injury…

…progressive, and highly complex lipid driven inflammatory disease of the arterial intima that serves as the fundamental pathophysiological substrate for acute coronary syndromes (ACS), including…

…and in patients with diabetes or renal failure the index may be falsely normal because of medial sclerosis — in that case add toe pressure measurement…