…In out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), the delay from collapse to defibrillation is substantially longer. The median time to arrival of the EMS is…

…and scope Coronary angiography is an invasive fluoroscopic procedure in which contrast media are injected selectively into the epicardial coronary arteries through a catheter advanced…

…KDIGO Acute kidney injury is present when at least one of the following criteria is met [1]: A rise in creatinine of at least 26…

…penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer, aortic pseudoaneurysm and traumatic aortic injury. In classic dissection, an intimal tear permits blood to enter the diseased aortic media. Blood then…

…associated with worse outcomes. The risk of death at 1 year is increased in comparison with patients with preserved renal function, although the association may…

…medial thinning, destruction of muscular and elastic tissue, fragmentation of the internal elastic lamina, and superimposed platelet and fibrin rich thrombus. Lesions preferentially occur at…

…greater risk of progression or rupture than asymptomatic lesions. Predisposing conditions Aortic dissection and its variants are associated with conditions that cause medial degeneration or…

…or myocardial injury. Antithrombotic therapy may reduce embolization of thrombotic or atheroembolic material, but pharmacological and mechanical strategies directed specifically at reperfusion injury have not…

…by the gradual accumulation of inert cholesterol debris, modern vascular biology has redefined atherosclerosis as a dynamic, immune mediated fibroproliferative response to endothelial injury [2]…

…and in patients with diabetes or renal failure the index may be falsely normal because of medial sclerosis — in that case add toe pressure measurement…