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Endotracheal intubation

…ventilation. Inadequate ventilation with a rising pCO₂ and respiratory acidosis, or a markedly increased work of breathing with impending exhaustion. Threatened airway obstruction: inhalation injury…

Constrictive pericarditis: definition, causes, diagnosis & echocardiography

…during inhalation. Since the left ventricle is not filled normally, there is more room for the right ventricle, the filling of which increases and the…

Components and construction of a pacemaker

…insulation (Figure 2). Most pacemakers utilize bipolar pacing (see below), in which the lead tip is equipped with two electrodes; a positive electrode ( anode ), and…

No-Reflow Phenomenon During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Prevention and Treatment

…of dissection and impaired distal flow. These alternative causes must be distinguished from isolated no reflow because their treatment may require immediate stenting or other…

The ultrasound transducer

…acoustic insulation that ensures that no other sound waves affect the transducer. The crystals are supported by a backing layer that suppresses the vibrations of…

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