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Endotracheal intubation

…ventilation. Inadequate ventilation with a rising pCO₂ and respiratory acidosis, or a markedly increased work of breathing with impending exhaustion. Threatened airway obstruction: inhalation injury…

Constrictive pericarditis: definition, causes, diagnosis & echocardiography

…during inhalation. Since the left ventricle is not filled normally, there is more room for the right ventricle, the filling of which increases and the…

Components and construction of a pacemaker

…insulation (Figure 2). Most pacemakers utilize bipolar pacing (see below), in which the lead tip is equipped with two electrodes; a positive electrode ( anode ), and…

No-Reflow Phenomenon During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Prevention and Treatment

…is distal embolization of atheromatous and thrombotic material. Plaque or thrombus may be dislodged by: Balloon inflation Atherectomy Stent implantation Manipulation of friable SVG lesions…

The ultrasound transducer

…from the transducer. These sound waves travel through tissues and fluids. Some of the sound waves are reflected back to the transducer. By analyzing the…

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