Akutsjukvård Lathundar Basic principle Manage the patient, not the list of poisons. Stabilisation according to ABCDE, the plasma glucose, a blood gas and an ECG…

…and procainamide [4]. Catheter Ablation : Catheter ablation may be employed as an interventional alternative to suppress the arrhythmia [4]. Relief of Triggers Addressing the underlying…

…a risk of developing tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy. In pediatric populations, a distinct form of atrial tachycardia may occur due to embryological remnants within the atrial…

…with osteoblastic metastases, diminished calcium absorption and/or enhanced calcium excretion, chronic renal failure, pancreatic or bowel resections (leading to "short bowel syndrome"), parathyroid and…

…Drugs Ranked by Risk of Drug Induced Cardiotoxicity Using FDA Labeling . Drug Discovery Today. 2023. DICT = Drug induced cardiotoxicity Trade Name Generic/Proper Name…

…the pathophysiology of tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy is provided by Gopinnathair et al. All tachyarrhythmias can cause cardiomyopathy. This also applies to frequent premature ventricular contractions…

…should maintain a high index of suspicion for drug induced arrhythmias in patients receiving agents known to alter the electrical properties of the heart (inducing…

…stress induced cardiomyopathy) Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (broken heart syndrome) is a rather peculiar and certainly acute condition. Much research has been devoted to it in recent…

CPR Sepsis induced cardiac arrest Sepsis is a life threatening condition characterized by systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and hypoperfusion manifesting…

…Indications Hypertension, hypertensive emergency/crisis. Pregnancy induced hypertension. Angina pectoris Prinzmetal's angina Mechanism of action Nicardipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (CCB). Nicardipine…

…exposures may contribute to tubular injury, making attribution to contrast alone difficult. In patients with normal renal function, the occurrence of contrast induced AKI is…

…food allergies, insect stings, and drug induced reactions. Approximately 90% of anaphylactic cardiac arrests present with pulseless electrical activity (PEA) as the initial rhythm, while…

…induced hypothermia (Mroczek et al., Stephen et al.). Figure 1 illustrates the decline in cardiopulmonary function and consciousness with decreasing body temperature. There appears to…

…cardiomyopathy Alcoholic cardiomyopathy Diabetic cardiomyopathy Takotsubo cardiomyopathy Tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy Non compaction cardiomyopathy Peripartum cardiomyopathy Cardiomyopathy secondary to valvular heart disease Long term prognosis varies…

…Acute aortic dissection. Physical inability to perform the test safely. Relative: Condition Comment : : Left main stenosis Known — perform the test only on a clear indication…

…tumour, primary biliary cholangitis, drugs Mixed Both raised Drug induced liver injury is the commonest cause Isolated bilirubin Unconjugated, the others normal Gilbert's syndrome…

…and can last for years. ACE Inhibitor Induced Angioedema Angioedema secondary to ACE inhibitor therapy occurs in approximately 1% of patients. It manifests as localized…

…periods, but chronic coronary disease can progress or destabilize abruptly, leading to an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Clinical manifestations may therefore change over time, including…

…segment depression, reflecting an abnormal repolarization response to exercise induced myocardial oxygen supply–demand imbalance. The exercise response is not confined to the ECG. Ischaemia…

…stress, allowing comparison between myocardial blood flow states. MPI is used principally to: Diagnose and quantify stress induced myocardial ischaemia. Detect and characterize myocardial scar…

…Angina occurring after a recent myocardial infarction. UA belongs to the broader spectrum of acute coronary syndromes, which may present with recent changes in symptoms…

…to the catheterization laboratory with suspicion of STEMI (STE ACS) have left bundle branch block. Masking of ischemia occurs because the ST T changes induced…

…be induced pharmacologically with coronary vasodilatory agents or simulated hemodynamically through exercise or the use of chronotropic and inotropic agents. Radiotracers are employed to evaluate…

…electrolyte disorders , congenital heart disease and catecholamine induced ventricular tachycardia . The vast majority of patients with ventricular tachycardia either have coronary artery disease (ischemic heart…

…due to risk of hypotension. Clevidipine doses and administration in hypertension. Nicardipine Drug Nicardipine Brand names Cardene ® Indications Hypertension, hypertensive emergency/crisis. Pregnancy induced…

…Dobutamine Cardiogenic shock Bradycardia (second line therapy) Stress testing (due to induced increase in myocardial O 2 consumption) Regular : 2.0–20 μg/kg…

…or a prior heart attack and a high risk of developing an atherothrombotic event. Contraindications Hypersensitivity to the active substance or any excipient. Active bleeding…

…ventricular function is therefore an important therapeutic objective. Exercise intolerance Exercise limitation is multifactorial. In addition to elevated exercise induced filling pressures, patients may have:

…myoardial infarction. An important discovery was reported in 1930 when Buchner and colleages showed that myocardial contractility was closely related to myocardial blood flow. This…

…it binds the MR, which translocates to the nucleus and induces expression of aldosterone responsive genes. Although the kidney is a major target—where MR…

…drug induced torsades de pointes; therefore, potassium levels must be evaluated and maintained within normal limits. Treatment and Management Indications Sotalol is approved to treat…

…spasm produces a reversible functional occlusion and usually causes transmural ischaemia. The resulting abnormalities in left ventricular function may lead to myocardial infarction, ventricular tachycardia…

…nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is a common tachyarrhythmia observed across all age groups, from children to the elderly, and frequently occurs in otherwise healthy individuals…

…body's capacity for heat elimination. Hyperthermia can induce an inflammatory state similar to the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS). Body temperatures surpassing 40°C (104°F…

…due to risk of hypotension. Clevidipine doses and administration in hypertension. Nicardipine Drug Nicardipine Brand names Cardene ® Indications Hypertension, hypertensive emergency/crisis. Pregnancy induced…

…Dobutamine Cardiogenic shock Bradycardia (second line therapy) Stress testing (due to induced increase in myocardial O 2 consumption) Regular : 2.0–20 μg/kg…

…The atrial impulse must pass through the atrioventricular node, which delays the impulse due to its slow conduction, before the impulse may reach the ventricles…

…between time to CPR and likelihood of successful defibrillation. Figure 4. Progression from coarse ventricular fibrillation (VF) to fine VF. CPR re induces coarse VF…

Kardiologi Intensivvård Lathundar Vasopressors induce vasoconstriction and raise the mean arterial pressure (MAP). Inotropes increase myocardial contractility. There are several synthetic and endogenous agents with…

…May therefore induce or worsen angina pectoris. The rapid reduction of afterload is desired in conditions requiring afterload reduction. Time to onset of action 10…

…induces vasodilatation of both arterioles and veins via generation of cyclic GMP, which then activates calcium sensitive potassium channels in the cell membrane. Time to…

…this demographic on a global scale. Numerous substances possess the potential to induce cardiac arrest or cause profound cardiopulmonary depression. Table 1 delineates substances for…

…Exercise induces physiological changes such as increased ventilation, coronary vasodilation, increase in blood pressure, etc . The purpose of such changes is simply to enable the…

…Constipation Contra indications Bradycardia. Caution • Clonidine may induce severe hypotension. • Clonidine is not recommended in most patients with severe cardiovascular disease or in those who…

…nitroglycerin regularly may have developed tolerance and require higher doses, alternatively nitroprusside to achieve desirable blood pressure lowring effect. Drug Nitroglycerin Brand names Gonitro ®…

…conduction properties. Furthermore, adenosine binds to four types of receptors. Binding to A2A receptors induces coronary vasodilation, whereas binding to the A1, A2B, and A3…

…processing. If symptoms remain elusive and extended monitoring exceeding 3 weeks is necessary, an implantable loop recorder is essential to accurately establish the diagnosis. Electrophysiology…

…enhances myocardial contractility and induces peripheral vasodilation through cardiac myofilament calcium sensitisation. This process is achieved via calcium dependent binding to troponin C during systole…

…driver of global cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, primarily due to its association with ischemic stroke and systemic embolism. The contemporary understanding of AF has evolved…

…adapt to the volume overload. Unfortunately, adaptation implies that the left ventricle dilates, which induces irreversible cellular and extracellular processes that ultimately lead to heart…

…Various pharmaceutical agents, including epinephrine—administered to the vast majority of cardiac arrest patients—can induce such pupillary responses. In a comprehensive study by Javaudin…

…when a long QT interval induces ventricular arrhythmias. Figure 1. The QT interval on the ECG. The QT interval is inversely related to heart rate…

…atrial contraction induces a delay to the next sinus beat (the RR interval is prolonged after a premature beat). This yields more time to fill…

…Refer to Figure 1 for an example. The premature ventricular impulse replaces a sinus beat and induces a delay to the next sinus beat (the…

…breakthrough ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF). IV infusions can be safely continued for 2 to 3 weeks. IV amiodarone is generally well tolerated…

…months or years to develop (e.g. myocardial remodeling in heart failure or after myocardial infarction). Ventricular arrhythmias are easier to induce in the presence…

…and calcium channel blockers on rhythm, conduction and ECG waveforms Although the purpose of antiarrhythmic drugs is to control arrhythmias, these medications may also cause…

…ischemia induce the protective effect. Some studies (including randomized clinical trials) have suggested the benefit of ischemic preconditioning, while other studies have failed to establish…

…hypertension, diabetes) induce a chronic, systemic proinflammatory state. This circulating inflammation leads to coronary microvascular endothelial dysfunction, characterized by the upregulation of adhesion molecules (e…

…myocardial cells and induces cellular processes that lead to cell contraction. The spread of an electrical impulse is therefore directly coupled to a mechanical event…