…worldwide. Artificial pacemakers have benefitted immensely from advances in engineering, notably with the advent of transistors, programmable circuits, lithium batteries, and Internet connected devices. Additional…

…Definition and pathophysiology Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) include permanent pacemakers, implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs), and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices. Implantable loop recorders are…

…syncope despite beta blocker therapy, or markedly prolonged QT intervals—the implantation of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is recommended. ICDs provide immediate intervention during…

…syncope despite beta blocker therapy, or markedly prolonged QT intervals—the implantation of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is recommended. ICDs provide immediate intervention during…

…The HCM Risk SCD score aims to identify individuals with a high risk of SCD and determine whether an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is warranted…

…term prediction of sudden cardiac arrest. The constraint does not lie in therapy: implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are highly effective, terminating well over 99% of…

…EPS), and the transition from a purely device based management strategy (implantable cardioverter defibrillators) to one that incorporates pharmacological and interventional (substrate ablation) therapies [5] …

…action potential that will spread through the myocardium. Components of an artificial pacemaker Pacemakers consist of an implantable pulse generator (IPG) , which contains the electronics…

…recorder, 2–4 weeks Less often, with syncope Implantable loop recorder Contraindications None. Practical obstacles are skin disease or allergy to the electrode gel, and…

…extended monitoring exceeding 3 weeks is necessary, an implantable loop recorder is essential to accurately establish the diagnosis. Electrophysiology In patients with presyncope or syncope…