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No-Reflow Phenomenon During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Prevention and Treatment

Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and Pathophysiology No reflow is impaired anterograde myocardial perfusion despite the absence of a flow limiting epicardial coronary stenosis. It…

Inpatient insulin therapy: quick reference

…more stress, often corticosteroids, often impaired renal function. Prescribe basal insulin, mealtime insulin and the correction dose as three separate entries on the drug chart…

In-Stent Restenosis: Mechanisms and Treatment

Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and Clinical Significance In stent restenosis (ISR) is recurrent narrowing within a previously implanted coronary stent. It represents a form…

Atrial fibrillation: quick reference for emergency management

…contraindicated, for example in asthma Contraindicated in impaired left ventricular function and together with an intravenous beta blocker Digoxin In heart failure or hypotension, or…

Nasogastric tube

…the tube is safe. A misplaced tube in the airway produces no reliable symptoms in a patient with an impaired cough reflex, and the first…

Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Diagnosis and Treatment

…particularly early in the disease or after treatment. During exertion, however, the limited diastolic reserve becomes evident, with a rise in left atrial and pulmonary…

Intravascular Imaging: IVUS and OCT for PCI Optimisation

…plaque, thrombus, and implanted stents. The principal modalities used in the catheterization laboratory are intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Unlike coronary angiography…

Metabolic Syndrome: Definition and Clinical Significance

…insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, elevated blood pressure and impaired glucose regulation. Diagnosis is based on the coexistence of defined clinical and laboratory components; the diagnostic criteria…

Cardiac tumors

…localization, hemodynamic effects and possible impact on the coronary arteries. The tumors can be asymptomatic for a long time and be detected randomly when investigating…

Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM): Definition, Types, Diagnostics & Treatment

…refers to idiopathic or genetic dilation of the left ventricle . Patients with DCM typically develop heart failure early in life and a family history of…

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