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No-Reflow Phenomenon During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Prevention and Treatment

Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and Pathophysiology No reflow is impaired anterograde myocardial perfusion despite the absence of a flow limiting epicardial coronary stenosis. It…

Inpatient insulin therapy: quick reference

…more stress, often corticosteroids, often impaired renal function. Prescribe basal insulin, mealtime insulin and the correction dose as three separate entries on the drug chart…

In-Stent Restenosis: Mechanisms and Treatment

Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and Clinical Significance In stent restenosis (ISR) is recurrent narrowing within a previously implanted coronary stent. It represents a form…

Atrial fibrillation: quick reference for emergency management

…myocardial ischaemia with chest pain and ECG changes. Acute pulmonary oedema. Impaired consciousness. Synchronised cardioversion under sedation, at an energy level according to the local…

Nasogastric tube

…the tube is safe. A misplaced tube in the airway produces no reliable symptoms in a patient with an impaired cough reflex, and the first…

Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Diagnosis and Treatment

…are elevated. The syndrome is therefore defined by symptoms and signs of congestion or impaired cardiac performance rather than by ejection fraction alone. Heart failure…

Intravascular Imaging: IVUS and OCT for PCI Optimisation

…plaque, thrombus, and implanted stents. The principal modalities used in the catheterization laboratory are intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Unlike coronary angiography…

Metabolic Syndrome: Definition and Clinical Significance

…insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, elevated blood pressure and impaired glucose regulation. Diagnosis is based on the coexistence of defined clinical and laboratory components; the diagnostic criteria…

Cardiac tumors

…localization, hemodynamic effects and possible impact on the coronary arteries. The tumors can be asymptomatic for a long time and be detected randomly when investigating…

Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM): Definition, Types, Diagnostics & Treatment

…of one or both ventricles. Dilation of the left ventricle is virtually always accompanied by impaired left ventricular systolic function. It should be noted that…

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