…review on this topic [1]. References [1] G Heusch. Myocardial Ischemia: Lack of Coronary Blood Flow or Myocardial Oxygen Supply/Demand Imbalance? Circ Res. 2016…

…capable of causing cardiac arrest, is an infrequent occurrence. Hypercalcemia, hyponatremia, hypernatremia, hypomagnesemia, and hypermagnesemia are exceedingly rare precipitants of cardiac arrest. Sodium imbalance Neither…

…in both depolarization and repolarization, which is why potassium imbalance may cause dramatic ECG changes. These are of utmost clinical significance. There is a rather…

…imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand, without the presence of acute atherothrombosis. Type 3 MI: Describes cardiac death in patients with symptoms suggestive of…

…Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology Myocardial infarction (MI) is a clinical diagnosis that integrates myocardial injury, evidence of acute myocardial ischaemia, electrocardiographic findings…

…Some acute coronary events occur without an identifiable culprit thrombus. NSTE ACS generally reflects an imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand. In many cases…

…electrolyte imbalance ECG The effect of antiarrhythmic drugs, beta blockers and calcium channel blockers on rhythm, conduction and ECG waveforms Although the purpose of antiarrhythmic…

Drugs and electrolyte imbalance ECG Digoxin ECG changes: arrhythmias, conduction defects and waveform changes Digoxin may be used in patients with heart failure, atrial fibrillation…

…arrhythmology Drugs and electrolyte imbalance ECG Definition and Pathophysiology Acquired long QT syndrome (LQTS) is characterised by an abnormal prolongation of the QT interval on…

…ischemia: Supply demand imbalance vs. lack of supply In clinical practice, ischemia is often described as a consequence of an imbalance between oxygen demand and…

…or visceral, adipose tissue is more closely related to insulin resistance and the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease than total adiposity alone. The waist…

…angiogenic signalling. A central biochemical feature is an imbalance between antiangiogenic and angiogenic factors. Placental production of soluble fms like tyrosine kinase 1 increases, whereas…

…such as significant anemia, important electrolyte imbalance, and hyperthyroidism Systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg, with increased risk of hypotension in patients with autonomic dysfunction, hypovolemia…

…Vestibular neuritis, central cause Marked imbalance that makes walking impossible Cerebellar infarction HINTS in continuous vertigo HINTS is not a test for BPPV. It is…

…imbalance between myocardial oxygen demand and coronary blood supply. Stress increases myocardial oxygen requirements, principally through increased heart rate and contractility. In the presence of…

…myocardial oxygen supply–demand imbalance. Coronary mechanisms Coronary mechanisms include: Plaque rupture or plaque erosion with thrombosis, despite the absence of an angiographically obstructive lesion…

…it without corroborating evidence of a coronary mechanism. The clinical context and the underlying mechanism of the oxygen supply/demand imbalance must be carefully considered…

…is driven by an imbalance between matrix synthesis and degradation. Histologically, a vulnerable plaque is defined by a fibrous cap thickness of less than 65…

…infarction. The degree of troponin elevation does not by itself establish the mechanism. Increased concentrations may result from acute coronary atherothrombosis, oxygen supply–demand imbalance…

…and subject preparations. We will also discuss the relevance of withholding specific cardioactive medications during exercise testing (exercise ECG). Indications for exercise stress test Indications…

…that other causes of wide QRS complex must always be considered. For example, Wolff Parkinson White syndrome (WPW), pacemaker stimulated beats, electrolyte imbalance and medications…

…coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and functional imaging have higher diagnostic performance. Its most consistent contemporary role is therefore the assessment of functional capacity, symptoms…