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Sinus node dysfunction (SND) and sick sinus syndrome (SSS)

…clonidine, procainamide). Hypoxia (hypoxemia) Hyperkalemia. Hyperthermia Increased intracranial pressure Irreversible causes of sinus node dysfunction Age related degenerative disease (fibrosis) Myocardial ischemia/infarction Lesions due…

Cardiac arrest in hypothermia (accidental hypothermia)

…majority of these patients exhibit satisfactory neurological function upon discharge. Figure 1 . Expected cardiopulmonary function and alertness in decreasing body temperature according to HOPE (Hypothermia…

Atropine: Dosing in Bradycardia and Its Limitations

…hypothermia, and hyperkalemia. For recurrent symptomatic bradycardia, temporary or permanent pacing may be required. However, transcutaneous pacing in the setting of cardiac arrest has not…

Cardiac arrest due to hypoxia and asphyxia

…et al. Causes of in hospital cardiac arrest and influence on outcome. Resuscitation 2012;83:120611. Wood S. Interactions between hypoxia and hypothermia. Annu Rev…

Sinus bradycardia: definitions, ECG, causes and management

…hypertension). Hypothyroidism . Hypothermia . Hyperkalemia . ECG example of sinus bradycardia Figure 1 shows sinus bradycardia at a paper speed of 25 mm/s. Figure 1. Sinus…

Targeted temperature management after cardiac arrest

…for sedation, analgesia and control of shivering. Procedure 1. Start temperature management early — within the first hour after ROSC, in parallel with coronary angiography, the…

Drugs in the emergency setting

…hypovolaemia, hypo /hyperkalaemia and metabolic disturbance, hypothermia, tamponade, toxins, thrombosis (coronary or pulmonary), tension pneumothorax. No drug has been shown to improve the neurological outcome…

Cardiac arrest in hyperthermia and malignant hyperthermia

…Malignant hyperthermia may manifest under two primary circumstances: Due to a genetic mutation in the RYR1 receptor, resulting in persistent muscle contraction upon administration of…

ECG J wave syndromes: hypothermia, early repolarization, hypercalcemia & Brugada syndrome

…to hypothermia, hypercalcemia, early repolarization and Brugada syndrome. Early repolarization, Brugada syndrome and hypercalcemia are discussed separately. Please refer to these articles. ECG examples of…

Neutropenic fever: quick reference for emergency management

…is not obligatory Hypothermia, new confusion, tachypnoea, hypotension, rigors, abdominal pain or a rapid deterioration in general condition may be the only signs of infection…

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