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Cardiac arrest due to hypoxia and asphyxia

…Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Bronchospasm (asthma) Other : Coma Central hypoventilation syndromes Neuromuscular diseases Anemia The natural course of asphyxia Should ventilation be entirely inhibited…

Drugs in the emergency setting

…is available; in VF/VT only after the 3rd defibrillation 0.01 mg/kg (0.1 mL/kg of 0.1 mg/mL), maximum 1…

Cardiac arrest in hyperthermia and malignant hyperthermia

…Malignant hyperthermia may manifest under two primary circumstances: Due to a genetic mutation in the RYR1 receptor, resulting in persistent muscle contraction upon administration of…

Sinus node dysfunction (SND) and sick sinus syndrome (SSS)

…Hyperthermia Increased intracranial pressure Irreversible causes of sinus node dysfunction Age related degenerative disease (fibrosis) Myocardial ischemia/infarction Lesions due to heart surgery Myocarditis Collagen…

Cardiac arrest in hypothermia (accidental hypothermia)

…majority of these patients exhibit satisfactory neurological function upon discharge. Figure 1 . Expected cardiopulmonary function and alertness in decreasing body temperature according to HOPE (Hypothermia…

ECG J wave syndromes: hypothermia, early repolarization, hypercalcemia & Brugada syndrome

…to hypothermia, hypercalcemia, early repolarization and Brugada syndrome. Early repolarization, Brugada syndrome and hypercalcemia are discussed separately. Please refer to these articles. ECG examples of…

Atropine: Dosing in Bradycardia and Its Limitations

…hypothermia, and hyperkalemia. For recurrent symptomatic bradycardia, temporary or permanent pacing may be required. However, transcutaneous pacing in the setting of cardiac arrest has not…

Sinus bradycardia: definitions, ECG, causes and management

…hypertension). Hypothyroidism . Hypothermia . Hyperkalemia . ECG example of sinus bradycardia Figure 1 shows sinus bradycardia at a paper speed of 25 mm/s. Figure 1. Sinus…

Neutropenic fever: quick reference for emergency management

…is not obligatory Hypothermia, new confusion, tachypnoea, hypotension, rigors, abdominal pain or a rapid deterioration in general condition may be the only signs of infection…

QT duration & corrected QT (QTc) duration: ECG features & implications

…bleeding) Myocardial ischemia Cardiomyopathy Bradycardia Hypothyroidism Hypothermia A separate chapter discusses Long QT syndrome (LQTS). A complete list of drugs causing QT prolongation can be…

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