…stabilise first The induction of vomiting has no place in the modern treatment of poisoning. Charcoal also does not bind every poison. With the following…

…but local choices of drug, formulations and infusion rates may differ. Always follow the current hospital protocol and check the strength and the maximum infusion…

…reported that the incidence was 92 per 100,000 citizens in the United States ( Bagai et al ). The incidence of treated cardiac arrests outside hospitals …

…virtually all cases. Ventricular tachycardia causes immense strain on the ventricular myocardium, simultaneously as the cause of the arrhythmia already affects cellular function. This results…

…as early as possible. In out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) ACLS is performed by paramedics, nurses or physicians, depending on the design of the…

…as well as the hospital cardiac arrest team (CAT) and intensive care units and other units caring for resuscitated patients. Figure 1. The chain of…

…and survival to hospital discharge ( Idris et al ). Duval et al studied 3,643 cases of out of hospital cardiac arrest in the ROC PRIMED…

…increased risk of an adverse neurological outcome. In summary, while the absence of a pupillary reflex upon hospital admission post cardiac arrest serves as an…

…as part of an inferoposterior or posterolateral infarction. Its recognition is clinically important because posterior infarction may not produce conventional ST segment elevation in the…

…ever evolving field of medicine, a question echoes in the hallways of hospitals, universities, and medical institutions around the world: What is the best ECG…

…after inducing VF. As evident in Figure 1, ATP concentrations decline rapidly. After 5 minutes of VF, approximately 50% of the ATP remained. Figure 1…

…extended no flow periods, in cases of unwitnessed cardiac arrests, as well as if the initial rhythm was asystole (Podsiadlo et al.). Assess life signs…

…al ). As described by Myerburg et al and Marijon et al , long term prevention of cardiac arrest at the population level is very difficult. Future…

…Farmakologi & dosering Lathundar The doses below are taken from the recommendations of Strama Stockholm for the empirical antibiotic treatment of adults in hospital and in…

…out of hospital and whatever the initial rhythm. It applies to both shockable and non shockable initial rhythms. It is started as soon as possible…

…University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden References Jervell A, Lange Nielsen F. Congenital deaf mutism, functional heart disease with prolongation of the Q…

…in hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2016; 98:10511. Saarinen S, Nurmi J, Toivio T, et al. Does appropriate treatment of the primary underlying cause of…

…were caused by bradyarrhythmia, of which 74% were asystole and 26% were AV blocks. These findings should not be interpreted as representative of the population…

…profiles: the presence of hypotension, end organ hypoperfusion, shock states, and pulmonary congestion. In pregnant patients presenting with suspected acute heart failure, urgent hospital admission…

…is indicated as soon as possible in the acute phase but should not delay reperfusion treatment. I C Blood samples Management Recommendation Level of evidence…

…levels of circulating pro inflammatory cytokines that may cause plaque rupture (i.e the risk of atherosclerotic plaque rupture is increased during infections). As noted…

…of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), it can be used in any setting until advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) can be initiated by healthcare professionals. The…

…as a result of stunning. The systemic response to reperfusion and ischemia causes a state similar to SIRS (systemic inflammatory response syndrome) with risk of…

…of all sudden cardiac arrests occur outside hospitals, the chain of care includes laymen, emergency dispatchers, ambulance, first responders (police, fire brigade, rescue services), the…

…ventilation–perfusion matching, increased physiological dead space and the Haldane effect. It is therefore misleading to explain the whole phenomenon as abolition of the patie

…in hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2016;98:10511. Saarinen S, Nurmi J, Toivio T, et al. Does appropriate treatment of the primary underlying cause of…

…ECG without signs of ischemia during chest pain in principle excludes myocardial ischemia as the cause of the pain. Refer to The ischemic cascade for…

…showing the same branches as in panel A for cross modality comparison. Clinical features Occlusion of the left main coronary artery (LMCA) abruptly interrupts blood…

…number of cases, the rhythm is non shockable, as seen in certain causes of cardiac arrest (e.g. pulmonary embolism) or in case of long…

…block on the arrival ECG, will in most cases not develop bundle branch block during the hospital stay. As discussed previously, the presence of bundle…

…out of hospital cardiac arrest due to external causes ( Kitamura et al). References DeBehnke DJ, Hilander SJ, Dobler DW, Wickman LL, Swart GL. The hemodynamic…

…PCI treated with prasugrel and ASA exhibited a higher risk of major and minor bleeding, as classified by the TIMI system (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction)…

…through the heart. Asphyxia Asphyxia as a result of external causes, for example foreign body, hanging or strangulation. Drug overdose Intentional or accidental overdose of…

…threatening; reported in hospital mortality was 42.4% for STEMI associated mechanical complications and 18% for those associated with NSTEMI. The timing of VSR, free…

…fear, pain, anxiety, intense emotion, the sight of blood, unpleasant sights and odors, and orthostatic stress. Situational triggers such as acute hemorrhage, cough, defecation, laugh…

…and other etiologies of hypotension remain the predominant causes of cardiac arrest. Should cardiac arrest occur postpartum, hemorrhage must be promptly considered as a differential…

…of Care in Diabetes: diabetes care in the hospital. Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline on the management of hyperglycaemia in hospitalised adults. The summary of…

…begin as soon as possible, with a target of less than 10 minutes from STEMI diagnosis to the fibrinolytic bolus. In suitable systems, pre hospital…

…in hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2016; 98:10511. Saarinen S, Nurmi J, Toivio T, et al. Does appropriate treatment of the primary underlying cause of…

…demonstrated the safety and efficacy of an approach based on starting and titrating oral medical therapy for heart failure within 2 days before anticipated hospital…

…beds. Malignant hypertension represents an extreme form in which acute microvascular injury occurs, classically involving fibrinoid necrosis of small arteries in the kidneys, retina, and…

…and less common causes such as severe pre existing valvular disease or excessive beta blocker or calcium channel blocker exposure. The incidence of cardiogenic shock…

…out of hospital deaths occur early and are commonly related to ventricular fibrillation. More than half of deaths attributable to ventricular fibrillation occur during the…

…highly effective in reducing stroke risk. Wrfarin and novel oral anticoagulants can reduce the risk of stroke by 70%, as compared with placebo. Besides anticoagulation…

…minutes STEMI diagnosis at a non PCI hospital to wire crossing As quickly as possible, primary PCI if the total expected time is 120 minutes…

…or functional abnormalities of the coronary microcirculation. These abnormalities may impair coronary flow reserve (CFR), reduce microcirculatory conductance, or cause abnormal vasoconstriction of coronary arterioles…

…with congenital heart disease. Initiation Strategies Because of its ability to significantly prolong the QT interval and cause torsades de pointes or provoke severe bra

…involving 192 patients with cardiogenic shock, researchers compared the effectiveness of milrinone and dobutamine . The primary composite outcome included in hospital mortality, resuscitated cardiac arrest…

…The chain of care in acute STEMI Optimal care for patients with STEMI requires a well coordinated system involving both prehospital and hospital based services…

…infarction [4]. Myocardial Necrosis : The occurrence of LBBB (as a form of bifascicular block) is linked to extensive myocardial necrosis [4]. Clinical Implications and Prognosis…

…disease have a higher burden of comorbidity and an increased risk of in hospital complications, including serious bleeding. Clinical judgement is particularly important when the

…shock, hypoxia and any other underlying cause immediately. 9. Request ultrasound of the kidneys and urinary tract when a postrenal cause cannot confidently be excluded…

…to participation Occupational and sporting goals Current pharmacological treatment Early assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction is recommended before hospital discharge because the first we

…or in whom the hazards of revascularization outweigh its potential benefit. A routine invasive strategy does not reduce all cause mortality across the overall NSTE…

…hospital cardiac arrests in Melbourne, Australia. Emerg Med 2013; 30:3842. Luna GK, Pavlin EG, Kirkman T, Copass MK, Rice CL. Hemodynamic effects of external…